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EDWARDSS
BOTANICAL REGISTER:
OR,
ORNAMENTAL FLOWER-GARDEN
AND SHRUBBERY: ^^''^ Ji?-".^
BOTANICAL
CONSISTING OF
COLOURED FIGURES OF PLANTS AND SHRUBS,
CULTIVATED IN BRITISH GARDENS;
ACCOMPANIED BY THEIR
l^tStorS) Beset ittetKol; oC 'Evtutmtm in Cttltibatton^ Propagation, $cc*
CONTINUED
By JOHN LINDLEY, Ph.D. F.R.S. L.S. and G.S.
PROFESSOR OF BOTANY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON,
AND THE KOYAL INSTITUTION OF GREAT BRITAIN,
^•C. S)-C. S)-C.
VOL. IX.
OR VOL. XXII. OF THE ENTIRE WORK.
viret semper nee fronde caduc&
Carpitur. j^oi..., _^ . . n x^iii, j^A BiBLlOTHEv^Uiii DU CONSEEVAlvrraE IJOTAI^IQU^ BE QENBVE VEKDU EJM 1922 LONDON :
JAMES RIDGWAY AND SONS, PICCADILLY.
^ M.DCCC.5CXXVI.C»^ **Q
VTfy^.?r>/ '^^ T>T. TjA BTT^T.TO'^T^ntrf? S 0 T A N I O U E
itT r- ' -_^
*T« **■*■* -« .^^ri^-iTn
ALPHABETICAL INDEX
VOL. IX. OF THE NEW SERIES.
Folium
Alstromeria aurantiaca 1843
Angrsecum caudatum 1344
Antirrliinum glandulosum 1893
Aptosimum depressum 1882
Ardisia odontophylla 1892
Aspasia variegata 1907
Bartonia aurea 1831
Bifrenaria aurantiaca 1875
Brasavola cordata 1914
Brunonia australis 1833
Camellia Japonica DoncT<elaeri 1854
Cattkya labiata 1859
— ^ — intermedia 1919
Celosia coccinea 1834
Clintonia pulchella 1909
Cirrha;a tristis 1889
Cooperia Drummondi 1835
Coryanthes macrantha 1841
Craspedia glauca 1908
Crataegus Aronia 1897
Crus Galli, omlifolia 1860
I glandulosa, macracantha .. . 1912
heterophylla 1847
microcarpa 1846
mexicana 1910
maroccana 1855
odoratissima 1885
orientalis 1852
platyphylla 1874
pyrifolia 1877
prunifolia 1868
spathulata 1890
tanacetifolia 1884
Crybe rosea 1872
Cytisus zeolicus 1902
Dendrobium macrostachyum 1865
Douglasia nivalis 1886
Epidendrum semulum 1898
armeniacum 1867
bifidum 1879
clavatum 1870
Skinneri 1881
Epimedium macranthum 1906
Escallonia illinita 1900
Genista monosperma 1918
Giliatenuiflora 1888
Folium
Godetia lepida 1849
rubicunda 1 856
vinosa 1880
Habenaria procera 1 858
Hyacinthus spicatus 1869
lonopsis tenera 1 904
Iris alata 1876
Kageneckia crata-gifolia 1 836
Kennedya ? glabrata 1838
^^^-^— macrophylla 1862
Stirlingi 1845
Kerria Japonica ] 373
Lapeyrousia anceps 1903
Lobelia decurrens 1 842
Lupinus latifolius 1891
Lychnis Bungeana 1 864
IManettia cordifolia 1866
Maxillaria aromatica 1871
r ufescens 1 848
Mormodes atropurpurea 1 861
Myanthus deltoideus 1896
Nectaroscordura siculum 1913
(Enothera humifusa 1829
serotina 1840
Oncidium iridifolium 1911
Russellianum 1830
altissimum 1851
Lanceanura 1887
Ornithogalum cbloroleucum 1853
Oxyura cbrysanthemoides 1850
Pentstemon heterophyllum 1899
Prescottia colorans 1916
Rondeletia odorata 1903
Sarcochilus falcatus 1832
Scaphyglottis violacea 1901
Scilla Cupaniana 1 878
Sisyrinchium graminifolium pumilum 1915
Stackhousia nionogyna 1917
Stanhopea insignis 1837
Trichopilia tortilis 1 863
Trifolium fucatum 1 883
Tristania macrophylla 1 839
Yucca Draconis 1894
flaccida 1895
Zvgopetalura cochleare 1 857
^5\
1829
lENOTHERA humifusa.
Pencilled Evenhig Primrose.
Nut. Ord. OXAGRACE.E.
(E MOTHER A. -Stqjra, vol.-l.foL 147.
NL'V\ YORK SOTAMCAL
CE. humifusa ; tota villosa, caulibus prostratis, foliis ex ovata basi angustis ac\J- minatis dentatis, spicis foliosis termlnalibus, calycis tubogracili ovario duplo longiore, petalis bilobis venosis staminibus longioribus, stigmatis lobis bic- vibus cruciatis, capsulis prismaticis.
CE. humifusa. Nutt. (jen. amer. 245.
G^. concinna. Don in Brit. Fl. Gard. n.s. t. 183.
Boisduvalia concinna. Spach in Ann. des sc. ser. 2. 4. 161.
Annua, cinerascens, undique pube brevi patente vestita. Caules pro- cumhentes, subsimpliciter ramosi, pallide virides. Folia sessilia, basi ovata, angusta, acuminata, paululum recurva, dentata ; supenora bractescentia in' tegriora. Tubus calycis sanguineus, gracilis, limbo ovarioque duplo longior ,- limbus 4-partitus viridis. Petala obcordata, venosa, diurna, S7ib sole pallida, in umbra amcene rosea. Stamina omnia fertilia, alterna breviora. Stylus filiformis staminibus longior, decolor ; stigma breviter quadrilobum, Seniina oblonga., fusco-olivacea, glabra, subangulata ; testa Icevi tenui.
A pretty little hardy annual, for a specimen of which I am indebted to the kindness of Mrs. Marryat, who origin-
cNi ally received the seeds from Mr. Lambert. In the Garden at Wimbledon it creeps close to the ground, forming a plant
t^ a foot in diameter, and shedding its seeds very freely.
cu ...
=3 According to Professor Don this is a Chilian plant, m-
troduced by Mr. Cuming. But I do not find any thing like it among the rich Chilian Herbaria collected by Cum- ing, Macrae, Mathews, Bridges, and others ; Mr. Cruck- shanks, who is so well acquainted with the Chilian flora, is
VOL. XXII. B
equally a stranger to it ; and 1 suspect some mistake on the part of Mr. Lambert's gardener. In fact, it appears to be the (E. kumifusa of Nuttall, a species originally discovered on the sea-coast near Cumberland Island in Florida, by Dr. Baldwin. When exposed to much light its flowers are a very pale delicate flesh colour, but if they are made to expand in a cool shady place, such, for instance, as a sitting room with a northern aspect, they acquire the beautiful pink of the accompanying plate.
The genus GEnothera has lately been the subject of what is called a revision, by one Mr. Spach, a German Botanist resident at Paris. This writer appears to belong to that school which takes for the fun- damental article of its faith, the belief that an occasional subversion of the established nomenclature of the best known parts of syste- matic Natural History, is the surest way — not to advance the science but — to carve out a great reputation for themselves ; who think it far more pleasant to see their own names attached to a plant, than the name of its discoverer ; who have a happy knack of appropri- ating to themselves, by an ingenious sort of hocus pocus, the credit which in reality belongs to others, and who contrive, by what they are pleased to call remodelling a genus, to push themselves into what the uninitiated imagine to be the high places of science. One of the first s^entlemen who took up this trade in Botany was, I think, a certain Mr. Schreber, who, by changing all the generic names of the plants collected in Cayenne by Fusee Aublet, succeeded for a time in getting to himself the credit of the unfortunate Frenchman's discoveries. So meritorious an example was not likely to want imitators, and accordingly, from that day to this, the world has been occasionally afflicted by the visitations of scientific putters-to- rights, who have bedizened and bedecked poor Botany after such a fashion, that her nearest friends cannot recognise her, and can hardly believe her to be the same science, whose acquaintance they have been cultivating all their lives. . Mr. Spach is no unworthy dis- ciple of this •' philoseautic" school, as I now proceed to shew.
Most people who know any thing of Botany are acquainted with .such plants as QSnothera macrocarpa of Pursh, CE. biennis of Linvceus,
CE. acaiilisof Cavanilles, (E. rosea of Aiton, 05. fruticosa of Sims, or CE. speciosa of Nuttall. But no such species are to be found in the book of Mr. Spach, who has been putting CEnotliera to rights. Upon looking, however, more narrowly after our old acquaintances, we at last discover them figuring away under the names of Megapte- rium Nuttalliannm of Spach, Onagra vulgaris of Spach, Lavauxia muticaof Spach, Hartmannia gauroides oi' Spach, Kneiffia suffruti' cosa of Spach^ and Xylopleurum Nuttallii of Spach ; and in like man- ner, our friends Fuchsia lycioides, thymifolia and microphylla have been spirited away, and their places taken by Kierschliegeria lycioides of Spiach, Lyciopsis thymifolia of Spach, and Brebissonia micro- phylla of Spach. And upon what grounds, it will be asked, is all this improvement effected? Why upon this ? Mr. Spach has made the prodigious discovery that in some species of Oenothera the seeds have a thicker skin than in others, that their skin is even oc- casionally pitted ; he has further ascertained that the seed vessel is not always of the same shape, but that it is narrow in some and broad in others, tough in some and tender in others, now broadest at one end now at the other ; and he has even found out that some Q^^notheras have 8 ribs, others 12, and others only 4 in their capsules. Armed with this intelligence this clever gentleman snatches up his critical lance, jumps into the saddle, puts spurs to his Rosinante, and rides full tilt at QEnothera, whom he unseats at the first atteinte, and then cuts and hacks into a dozen pieces. No one can deny that this is brave work ; all honour to Mr. Spach for his feat.
But to be serious— can any thing be well imagined more per- fectly absurd or more pregnant with mischief than such doings as this. If there is any meaning in the word genus, and if it has any intelligible application, it must be the representation of some special simple type of organization which differs from all other types: just as an order is the representation of some more compound type of or- ganization. Thus a Strawberry is a Rosaceous plant, in which a tendency to become excessively succulent and saccharine exists in the receptacle of the achenia ; a Potentilla is a Rosaceous plant in which no kind of tendency exists to such an enlargement of the receptacle, and the differences are constant ; again a Rubus differs from both these genera in the tendency to enlargement and the for- mation of saccharine matter existing in the achenia, and not in the receptacle, and this is accompanied by the suppression of one series of the calycine segments. These are clear, plain, intelligible dif- ferences, each of winch constitutes a separate type of structure. But is one seed being less pitted (scrobiculate) than another, a diff'erent type of structure? Or having its seed coat a little thicker? Or are we to consider an obovate capsule a different type of structure
B 2
from an ovate one? Or a tliin-sided pericarp a different type of structure from a thicker-sided one? Mr. Spach says yes ; and upon such differences is the larger part of his new genera (!!) proposed. To me, however, and 1 shoukl hope to the greater number of Bota- nists who have any idea what general views are, such opinions appear contrary to common sense. If the example of writers like Mr. Spach were to be followed, systematic Botany would be resolved into its original elements : books would consist of mere masses of species ; all power of analysis would be at an end, and the great objects of classification would be annihilated,
A proneness to disturb existing nomenclature is very commonly alleged against modern Botanists in a mass, and is looked upon by the Public, who are much inconvenienced by it, as a besetting sin in modern Natural History. That there is a good deal of prejudice, much misconception, and no small degree of ignorance in this po- pular outcry, I or any Botanist could easily prove ; for it is impos- sible that, in a science of observation, the ideas of any man should remain fixed and immoveable, unless, indeed, in the case of those gentlemen whom Science every now and then leaves so far behind her, that, in the end, they are well nigh lost sight of altogether. As new objects are discovered the necessity of new systematic combi- nations becomes evident, and the ideas of Botanists change accord- ingly, the visible result of which is occasional changes in nomen- clature. Genera are thus materially affected from time to time, and new species as they are discovered render the creation of new genera necessary, into which some of the species of the old genera are very often transferred. But, on the other hand, it is most true, that there are too many Botanical writers who, without due consideration, or a sufficient power of forming good general views, or from an incomplete and superficial acquaintance with their subject, are, like this Mr. Spach, in the habit of introducing inno- vations which science indeed repudiates, but which produce the greater public inconvenience, because it has usually happened that the writings of such persons are intended for popular purposes, and are directed to subjects of common occurrence. In the case I have now brought forward, the genus CEnothera, one of the most natural and indivisible in the whole science, is cut up into 12 pieces, to which, what with synonyms and blunders, at least 16 generic names belong, and the adoption of these renders necessary some- ' thing more than 100 new specific names, which for one genus is pretty well. Surely, I shall not be thought too harsh and severe, when I pronounce the writings in which such enormities are perpe- trated to be scientific nuisances.
To these general observations upon Mr. Spach's performance, I
have one or two more to offer of a more special nature. There really is one grain of coj'n in the midst of his chaff". He states that certain supposed (Enotheras have their chalaza bordered by a fringed margin. This is obviously an additional organ and a special type of structure : it is the beginning of the feathei-y appendage of the seed of Epilobium, but it is incapable of performing the office of buoying lip the seed in the air so as to enable it to be dispersed from place to place. I find the structure to be as Mr. Spach states, and that the spe- cies collected by the character are CE. Romanzovii, purpurea, and the like, which will not intermix with the true Evening Primroses, and which have quite a peculiar habit. Among other things, their flowers have no tendency to become yellow. To these plants the name of Godetia may be assigned. But Mr. Spach refers to the same type of structure, QEnothera densiflora, and the species now before me, making them however into another genus, which he calls Boisduvalia. As I have the seeds of both at this moment under my microscope, I can safely affirm that neither of these species has any trace of a fringed border to the chalaza, and that conse- quently the most remarkable part of their supposed character has no real existence. Mr. Spach adds to these marks of distinction, that of the stamens which are opposite the petals being very short (brevissima) ; this is hardly true of CE. densiflora, and it is altogether untrue of CE. humifusa. Boisduvalia may, therefore, be consigned to the same fate as the rest of Mr. Spach's new genera.
''iHJC
7u^hf jr.5^<^2y /^g MccaMi^f -y^. / /^S'5-
y.'-fPQ/t/.^.
ONCIDIUM Russcllianum..
The Duke of Bedford's Oncidium.
Nat.ord. Orchidace^, § Vande^. ONCIDIUM.— Supril, vol. 13. fol. 1050.
B. Labellum integerrimum. O. Russellianum ; pseudobulbis ovatis costatis dipliyllis, follis ligulato-Janceo- latis patentibus, racemo paucifloro radicali, sepalis petalisque conformibus ovato-oblongls subundulatis, labello postico oblongo-cuneato retuso apicidato subsinuato, lamellis disci truncatis.
Folia l(Ete viridia. Caulis fusco-purpureus . Sepala et petala fusco- purpurea viridi marginata et costata. Labellum lilacinum lamellis disci purpureis albo-7narginatis, quarnm series tres geminatcB truncates sensim antepositce pares duas includunt angustissimas pariter truncates. Columnse al(B semiovatcE eroscE acutcB lutecc ; gynizus margine purpurea basi utrinque bidentato {fig. I-)/ anthera et pollinia Oncidii.
That this is a genuine species of Oncidium I by no means aver ; on the contrary it differs from the general form of that genus in its undivided posterior lip, and in the two teeth which are placed below the gynizus on either side : its colour too, notwithstanding the example of O. Lanceanum, is different from what prevails in the principal part of the spe- cies of this very natural and extensive genus. Nevertheless I do not feel justified in forming a new genus out of the ma- terials I at present possess. The plant may possibly be a transition species ; and it ranges well enough with the ver- bal character of Oncidium.
I have named this species in compliment to his Grace the Duke of Bedford, one of the many liberal patrons of Botanical science of whom England now can boast, and in whose stove at Woburn it first appeared in Europe. It was obtained from the garden of Mrs. Moke at Tejuca near Rio Janeiro, by the Hon. Capt. J. Roos, R.N. who sent it to Woburn along with many other valuable plants in 1835.
/S37.
9'ii/:^/y . / Mo^'My /Oy^^itiMi^iYf^ .;^^v / /&'::
1831
* BARTONIA aiirea.
Golden-flowered Bartonia.
Nat. ord. Loasace/E'
BARTONIA, Piirsh. Sepala 5. Petala 5-10, nunc 5 staminibus toti- dem alternantibus petaloldeis. Stamina 00. Capsula subclavata, sessilis, apice
3-(-7 D C.) valvis. Placentce serie simplici polyspermse. Herbte, caulibus
teretibus, ranwsis, pallidis, hispidis, frayilibits, erectis, nunquam scanden- tibus.
B. aurea ; foliis ovato-lanceolatis simpliciter pinnatifidis laciniis inferiorum grosse serratis, bracteis ovatis pinnatifidis flores obvallantibus, petalls 5 obovatis ciispidatis, filamentis numerosissimis omnibus filiformibus.
Herba annua, l-'i-pedalis, erecta, ramosa, undique pilis pungentihus haud pi'urientibus hisjnda ; canlibus pallide cinereo-virentibus fragilibus. Folia atroviridia ; inferiora 3 p. longa, sessilia, subamplexicaulia ex ovatd basi lanceolata, acuminata, pinnatifida, lobis utrinque circiter 5 gross^ ser- ratis ; superiora sensim breviora, demum in bracteas abeuntia pinnatifidas quoque, calyce paulh breviores eumque arete obvallantes. Flores axillares, versus fastigia ramulorum. Calyx pilis incanis hispidus ; tubo ovario adnata, obovato ; limbo 5-partito, patente, cequali, corolla hreviore. Petala 5, aurea, lucida, sub sole tantum expayisa, ferh. unciam longa, subrotundo-obovata, cuspidata, cestivatio?ie convoluta. Stamina numerosissima, calyci inserta, Jilamentis omnibus filiformibus exterioribus longioribus. Ovarium \-locu- lare placentis 3 parietalibus , linearibus, polyspermis ; semimaturum parie- tibus IcBvigatis nitidissimis. Semina indefinita, pallide fusca, testa suhcoria- ced sub microscopio minutissime tuberculata. Embryo in medio albutninis parci olcoso-carnosi ; cotyledonibus plants virescentibus, radicula tereti albd.
A very beautiful half-hardy annual, discovered by Mr. Douglas in California, and raised in the garden of the Hor- ticultural Society, where it flowered in July last.
It is only beneath bright sunshine that its splendid flowers unfold; in'^the early morning the plant is a shabby bush, with pale, greenish-grey branches and weedy leaves; but as the sun exercises his influence the petals gradually unrol as
* Named in complimcut to the late Dr. B. S. Barton of Fliiladelphia.
if" in acknowledgment of his power, till every branch is radiant with gold ; and so metallic is the lustre of the inside of the petals, that one would really think they must be com- posed of something more solid and enduring than the delicate and perishable tissue of a flower.
It is probable that this is a species that will be apt to degenerate, and which, if neglected, or not supplied with sufficiently rich and moist soil, will have its beauty greatly impaired. The wild Californian specimens are by no means so handsome as those of the Garden.
What I should recommend for it is, firstly, a sheltered situation, for the branches are very brittle and liable to be broken by wind ; secondly, a warm and sunshiny spot, for without sun Bartonia will not be brilliant ; thirdly, a very rich soil, for she is a gourmande in her way, and if starved she will not gain half her natural size ; and, fourthly, a good deal of moisture, for she is a thirsty sort of personage, and would prefer the banks of a rivulet to the side of a hill.
/S32.
1832
SARCOCHILUS falcatus.
Falcate-leaved Sarcochihis.
Nat. ord. Orchidace^e § VANDEiE.
SARCOCHILUS, R, Br. Perianthium patens. Sepala hteraWa. cuin ungue labelli subtus connata. Petala coiiformia. Labellum ecalcaratum, cum ungue columnaj continuum, calceiforme ; lobo intermedio c^rnoso solido, laterali- bus ascendentibus petaloideis. Columna brevissima, marginibus tenuibus inflexis. Anthera bilocularis, valvis antherae inferioribus deflexis erosis. Pollinia caudi-
cula linear! affixa glandula deltoidea. -Epiphyta acaulis, vel brevissime cau-
lescens. Folia disticha, lineari-lanceolata, subcoriacea. Racemi axillares, erecti, 3-6-Jlori, secundi, Bractese breves, lata, ovatce. Flores mediocres.
S. falcatus. R. Br. Prodr. 332. Lindl. g. & sp. orch. 142.
This rare plant has been sent me both by Mr. Bateman and Messrs. Loddiges. The drawing was made in the col- lection of the latter gentlemen in April last.
It is a native of New Holland and near Hunter s River ; but so rare that I have never yet received a single native specimen except an imperfect one for which I was some years since indebted to Dr. Brown, who however saw it only in an imperfect state.
The flowering specimens, with which my garden friends have supplied me, while they have enabled me to complete my account of it, have also shown that this hitherto little known species is really an extremely pretty little plant, which, without any of the gaudy colours of many of its tribe, is so neat and simple in its appearance as to be sure to capti- vate the feelings of every lover of nature.
It must be treated just like other Orchideous Epipliytes.
/jjj.
<f'i/'<tfy.
* BRUN(3nIA aiistralis.
Southern Brunonia.
Nat. ord. Brunomace^.
BRUNONIA, Smith, Capitulmn iiwolucratum. Cabjx 5-fidus, 4- bracteatus. Corolla monopetala, Infundibuliformis : limbo 5-partito, laciniis 2 superioribus altius divisis. Stamina 5, hypogyna. Anthers connat£e. Ova- rium monospermum. Stigmatis indusium bivalve. Utriculus inclusus tubo aucto indurato calycis superne patuli laciniis plumosis. Semen exalbuminosum. Br. Prodr. 589.
B. australis ; foliis undique scapisque inferne villosls : pilis patulis, calycis laci- niis longitudinaliter plumosis : apice acutiusculo. R. Br. I. c. 590.
A most interesting new perennial, introduced by Mr. James Backhouse in 1834. The drawing was made from specimens supplied by Mr. Lowe of Clapton, and I have also received it from the Messrs. Backhouses of York.
In appearance it is very like our wild Scabiouses, but it is delightfully fragrant. It no doubt requires the protection of a frame in winter, and would probably be more at home in such a place, or in a cool greenhouse even during the summer ; and the general neatness of its appearance renders it peculiarly well adapted for such a mode of cultivation. I presume it will be easily increased by partition of the crown of the root.
Neither the cultivated plant nor my fine wild specimens from Mr. Gunn agree exactly with Dr. Brown's defini-
* So named by Smith in compliment to Robert Brown, Esq. D. C. L. &c. &c. the present Keeper of the Banksian herbarium in the British Museum, whom I may designate with perfect truth as the most learned systematic Botanist of this or any previous age.
tion of tlie species, for he states that the scapes are only villous at their base, with spreading hairs. I find them, on the contrary, equally downy at the top, but it is true that the hairs of that part are not spreading.
This genus is the representative of the very small Natural Order Brunoniacese, allied to the Scabious tribe, to Globula- riaceee, to the Campanula tribe, and to other Monopetalous orders. An account of it is given in the Introduction to the Natural System of Botany, whither the reader is referred for information concerning its place in the system, and the nature of its affinities.
^ic/i-^J.^&a!jfu'ay/&J^.cou^^^. ^./<fJ^.
^:^'.-^.
1834
* CELOSIA coccinea.
Scarlet Cockscomb.
Nat. ord. Amaranthace^.
CELOSIA, L. BractecB ivirnQTO incertae, scariosge, dcuminatEe, flore sup- positge. Cahjx 5-phyllus, scariosus. Stcwiina breviter monadelpha filamentis basi latissimis. Stigma leviter trifidum. Utriculus circumscissus, polyspermus.
C. coccinea ; foliis anguste lanceolatis acuminatls, caule sulcato, spicis multipli- cibus compressis acuminatis pyramidalibus, staminibus calyce brevioribus.
C. coccinea. Mill. diet. no. 4. Willd. sp. pi. 1. 1199. Rom. Sf Schult. 5 465.
One of the many forms in which the Cockscomb makes its appearance in Asia ; but whether or not it is truly a distinct species I cannot judge. It differs from C. cristata chiefly in the crowded pyramidal arrangement of the inflo- rescence, the narrower leaves, and the short stamens. It is also a far more hardy plant, for while the common Cocks- comb can only be brought to produce its stiff" and fantastical crests with much care and assiduity, this demands no other attention than is required by every tender annual, and goes on enlarging its glowing crimson tassels, in the open border, till winter destroys it.
The drawing was made from specimens communicated by the Hon. W. F, Strangways from his garden in Dorset- shire, in the end of last October.
* Said to be derived from K/jXeoc, something burnt ; because the flowers look as if scorched and dried up by exposure to heat.
flower from which the sketch was made flowered in the collection of Earl Fitzwilliam at Wentworth House, under the care of Mr. Cooper, who received it from the Botanic Garden at Glasgow. Mr. Cooper is one of the most zealous and successful cultivators of rare plants in this king- dom, and has with unremitting exertion brought together the fine collection of plants now at Wentworth, by a liberal system of exchanging his superfluities for those of other per- sons. He has now for above twenty years had the manage- ment of the Botanic Garden at Wentworth, and few culti- vators deserve better the compliment of having his name handed down to posterity, as engrafted in our botanical no- menclature. It seems that bulbs of this singular plant flow- ered about the same time at the Botanic Garden at Edin- burgh, and at Mr. Dickson's nursery, bat Mr. Cooper was at least one of the first who brought it into flower, and, as the name Drummondia is preoccupied, the genus is named after Mr. Cooper. It is possible that the plant may be found to endure our climate, as the frosts are severe in Texas, but as it pushes its leaves in the autumn, it probably grows in a temperate situation and would be injured by our winters, and at present it must be considered as a greenhouse or frame plant. It is nearly allied to Zephyranthes. Two suc- cessive one-flowered scapes were produced, the first of which ripened seed that readily vegetated. The limb expanded quite flat. The pollen viewed in the microscope is difformed like that of Zephyranthes Candida, and not of the usual more regular and oval form that prevails amongst the genera allied to it. It is doubtful whether Z. Candida, ought not to be generically distinguished by that and some other features from Zephyranthes."
1. The back of a petal. 2. Ditto of a sepal. 3, Stigma. 4. Ripe seed* 5. Pollen magnified. 7. Inside of the mouth of the tube, shewing the
sessile anthers.
Mr. Herbert speaks of another species, nearly akin to this, which has flowered in the greenhouse at Spoffbrth, equally from Texas. This plant has at this time (beginning of January, 1836) three leaves nearly a foot and a half long, and may be distinguished by the following name and cha- racter.
" Cooperia chlorosolen ; foliis sesquipedalibus, ^ unc. latis tortilibus acutis \ari- dibus; germine sessili; spatha 1^-unciali tubulosa apice fenestrate. ; perianthii tubo 4j-unciali viridi, limbo 1^-unc. albo sepalis viridi-apiculatis extus Tiridi-lineatis; stylo seraunciam vel ultra tubo breviore." — W. H.
7d'::ic
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1836
*KAGENECKIA crateegi folia.
Cratcegus-leaved Kageneckia.
Nat. ord. RosACEiE, § Quillaji^.
KAGENECKIA. .F/ores unisexuales. Ca Z</.r 5-fidus, lacinlis aestivatione imbricatis. Petala 5. Stamina marum 15, eesdvatione deflexa, quorum series exterior prima erigitur. Discus ceraceus tubum calycis muniens. Carpella 5, petalis alterna, tomentosa, omnino sejuncta, ovulis plurimis liorizontalibus ; styli subnulli; stigmata simplicia emarginata. FoZZicii/ilignosi, dehiscentes ; semi- nibus samaroideis.
K. cratacgoides ; floribus corymbosls, foliis oblongis serratis acutis, sepalis mar-
gine tomentosis subdenticulatis. K. crataegoides. Don in Edinb. Ph. Journ. n. s. 10. 229. " Lydaea Lyday. Molin. Hist nat. chil. ed. 2. 300."
A very pretty and half-hardy evergTeen shrub, native of Chili, and flowering in this country in June.
I call it half-hardy because I have never yet seen it cul- tivated in the open air, except beneath the protection of walls, but I have no doubt that it will succeed perfectly in our South-western counties.
The plant has never yet been increased except by seed, but it would doubtless multiply by layers, if not by cuttings. Our drawings were made in the garden of the Horticultural Society in June last.
Professor Don refers this genus, Quillaia and Vauque- linia, to an order he separates from Rosaceae, under the name of Quillajiae, for the following reasons, " Quillaia and Kageneckia, (he says,) together with Vauquelinia, I consider,
* Dedicated by the authors of the Flora Peruviana to M. de Kageneck, Am- bassador from the Emperor of Germany to the King of Spain.
as constituting a small family, differing essentially both from Rosacese and Spirseaceae in their erect ovules, and from the latter also in the valvular aestivation of their calyx." But I think there must be some inadvertence or typographical error in this paragraph, or possibly both combined ; for certainly Kageneckia has horizontal, not erect ovules, and an imbricated not valvular calyx. I see no more difference between them and Rosaceas than between Spiraea and Potentilla. The unisexuality of the flowers is certainly no mark of distinc- tion, for Fragaria is hardly otherwise ; and the convolute cotyledons of Kageneckia have their parallel in Chamaemeles.
\
1837
STANH(3pEA insignis.
Nohle Stanhopea.
Nat. ord. Orchid ace^, § Vande^. STANHOPEA. —Supra, vol. 18. t. 15-29.
S. insignis ; labello medio quam maxime constricto, hypochilil subrotundi late- ribuscornutis incurvis, epichilio ovato medio depresso cornubusduobus baseos incurvis. Gen. et Sp. Orch. 157.
Epidendrura grandiflorum. Humb. S^ Bonpl. PI. cequinoct. p. 94, t. 27.
Anguloa grandiflora. H. B. K. nov. gen. §■ sp. pi. 1. 343. Kunth Synops. 1.332.
Stanhopea insignis. Hooker in Bat. Mag. 2948-9. Lodd. Bot. Cat. t. 1985.
Bracteae meinhranacece , spathacece, subscariosce, striates, ovarii longitu- dine, ut et ovarium ipstim leviter furfuraceoe- Ovarium obtuse triquetrum, obclavatum, angulis intermediis costatibus minoribus. Sepala 3 patentia, circiter 4 uncias inter suos apices, ovata, carnosa, concava, obtusa, ftava, lucida, intus sanguineo-guttata ; 2 lateralibus basibus conjiatis. Petala lanceolata, widulata, rejiexa, magis lutea, sanguineo interrupte fasciata. Labellum carnosum, mim basi columnce non articulatum, a sepalis distinctu7n, basi ventncosum, albidiim, atro-sanguineo conferte guttatum, limbo 3-lobo, lobo intermedio subcordato- ovato carnoso sanguineo- guttato, lateralibus falcatis incurvis acumiaatis cornuformibus. Columna maxima, 2 uncias longa, cum ovario continua, basi semiteres sursum alata, apice obtuse triloba, sanguineo densissime guttata. Stigma clausum, rostello subulato aeumina- tissimo incumbente. Antbera ajnce membranacea, bilocularis. Pollinia 2, obovata, basi acuminatissima, extrorsum Jissa. Glandula subrotunda, antice subulata, postice magis membranacea, subbiloba ; caudicula brevis membra- nacea.
The drawing of this plant was made from a specimen sent me in 1830 by the late Mr. Cattley ; at that time it was a rarity, and the specimen was thought a fine one, but the cul- tivation of this genus has since become so much improved that still handsomer specimens are not uncommon. Some apology may perhaps be required for again figuring what has been well represented in the Botanical Magazine and the
VOL. xxir. D
Botanical Cabinet ; but upon comparing the accom pan}/ i no- plate with those of Dr. Hooker and Mr. Loddiges, I find enough to induce me not to suppress the drawing that was made for this work.
Stanhopea insignis was originally found by Messrs. Hum- boldt and Bonpland on the trunks of old trees in shady woods near Cuen^a in Quito; it has since been procured abundantly from various districts of the north-eastern part of South America. There it fixes its pseudo-bulbs upon branches, clinging to them wath its numerous creeping roots, and sus- pending in the air its stout zig-zag spikes of fleshy wax-like flowers. The species grows freely in a mixture of coarse peat, sand, and broken tiles or potsherds, provided it is kept constantly growing ; but it does not like to be periodi- cally dried up as many others do. In order to see its curious blossoms in perfection the young spikes should be watched for, and as soon as they appear they should be artificially led over the edge of the pot or basket; otherwise their tendency to turn downwards is so great that they are apt to force themselves into the earth and so to become smothered.
In the annexed plate, the dissections are taken from a speci- men, for which I am obliged to Lord Fitzwilliam, with much richer colours than usual ; fig. 1 . represents a lip seen from the upper side, and 2. the same part viewed from beneath; these figures show the cup-shaped base of this organ, the spotted tongue that terminates it, and the two long fleshy horns that project on each side of it. — Who shall imagine the use that such curious parts are intended for ? 3. and 4. are the hardly less curious pollen-apparatus.
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1838
KEiVNJEDYA glabmta. Smooth-leaved Kennedya.
Nat. ord. Leguminos/E. KENNEDYA.— Supra, vol. 11. fol. 944.
K. glabrata ; foliolls 3 cuneatis mucronatis glabris petiolis caulibusque pilosis, stipulis late ovatis acutis, bracteis deciduis, pedunculis foliorum longitudine subsexfloris.
A specimen of this very pretty greenhouse climber was -communicated to me by Mr. Knight of the King's Road, in May, 1835. It is a New Holland plant, probably from the South coast, and very distinct from all that have hitherto been figured.
The slender wiry hairy stems, broad ovate sharp-pointed stipules, and smooth leaves, with wedge-shaped leaflets, which are shining and almost entirely destitute of hairiness, sufficiently mark the species.
A hardy greenhouse shrub, propagated by cuttings.
None of the Kennedyas which I have yet seen have so clear and bright a scarlet as this; and the efl'ect of the colour, brilliant as it is, is much set off by the green spot bordered with deep brown, at the base of the standard.
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1839
* TRISTANIA macrophylla.
Large-leaved Tristania.
Nat. ord. Myktace.e.
TRISTANIA, R. Br. Calyx 5-fidus, persistens, tubo turbinato. Pe- tala 5. Staminum phalanges 5 petalis opposite iisdem vix longiores. Antherce incumbentes. Capsula 3-locularis, polysperma, semierecta v. inclusa. Semina
aptera. i^nt^zces australasici. Folia lanceolata. jFZores peduiiculati subco-
rymbosi. D. C. Prodr. 3. 210.
T. macrophylla ; arborea, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis subverticIUatis, ra- mulis calycibusq. pubescentibus, phalangibus polyandris, capsula oranino infra.
T. macrophylla. All. Cun7i. MSS.
Arhor procerus, rainulis levissime puhescentihiis cito calvis. Folia 5-6-p. longa, coriacea, ovato-lanceolata, acuta, petiolata, puncds pellucidis cojifer- tissimis. Floras ex axillis foliorum decessorum, ternati, breviter pedicelluti in apice pedunculi puhescentis ancipitis ; nunc abortu lateralium solilarii. Calyx pubesce7is ; laciniis 5, brevibus, ovatis, acutis. Petala 5, unguiculuta, concava, patentid. Phalanges staminvim polyandrcB, lineares, petalorum lon- gitudine. Capsula oninino infera, semitrilocularis, virtice truncato dehiscens polyspermo.
Drawn in August, 1835, from specimens communicated by Richard Harrison, Esq. of Liverpool, who received it some years since under the name of Tr. lawina. The plant had been constantly kept in the Greenhouse, where it had gained the height of four feet, losing the exterior of its bark like Arbutus Andrachne.
* From TpiiQ three, and larapat or karavai to stand ; in allusion, as we pre- sume, to the ternate disposition of the flowers and their stalks ; the three-forked inflorescence of this doubtless very distinct genus being strikingly different from all to which it is nearly allied in the parts of fructification. — Smith.
Its flowers usually appear in threes; but in Mr. Harrison^s specimens they were solitary ; in other respects they quite agreed with a wild specimen collected by Mr. Allan Cun- ningham and given me by Dr. Hooker.
To Mr. Cunningham I am indebted for the following information respecting this species, and for specimens of it and the undermentioned, which were long since collected by him in his various expeditions of discovery in New Holland.
" T. macrophylla is a tree 50-60 feet high, affording, by means of its ample foliage, a pleasant, agreeable shade, on the sandy southern shores of Moreton Bay, New South Wales (Lat. 27°. 30'. s.) where it was first observed, bearing flowers and fruit, in Sept. 1824. It is nearly allied to T. conferta, R. Br. but the segments of the calyx are smaller."
T. snaveolens ; arborea, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis alternis glabris, petiolis calycibusque pubescentibus, laciniis calycis ovatis brevibus acutis, phalangibus polyandris.
" T. suaveolens Smith in Rees — Melaleuca suaveolens Goertn.
" A tree of irregular growth 15-20 feet high, frequent in damp rocky places, margins of gullies, &;c. ; Endeavour River, 1770, Sir Jos. Banks ; July 1829, N. E. Coast, New South Wales, A. C."
T. umbrosa, A. C. ; arborea, foliis oblongis mucronatis oppositis gla- berrimis opacis, fructibus globosis superis glaberrimis.
" Twenty-five to thirty feet high, in dark shady woods, on the shores of York Sound, N. W. Coast of Australia, 16th Sept. 1820 ; third Voyage of H. M. Cutter Mermaid, Capt. King. Rare."
T. depressa, A. C. (D. C. prodr. 3. 210); glaberrima, caule fru- ticopo, foliis subverticillatis angusto-oblongis, fructibus solitariis om- nino inferis.
" A low shrubby plant, on barren, stony hills ; islands of Repulse Bay of Cook, I'^e^f South Wales, tropic (Lat. 20°. 35'. sj June 8,, 1829,"
T. alhens (D. C. prodr.3. 210) ; arborea, foliis oblongis subundu- latis ciliatis subtus pallidis oppositis, petiolis ramulisque tomentosis, fructibus capitatis coadunatis inferis pedunculisque tomentosis.
" Turpentine tree of the Colonists. A tree 60-80 feet high; in shady situations. New South Wales."
T. psidioides, A. C. ; arborea, foliis obovato-oblongis obtusis mucro- natis alternis subtus albo-tomentosis, ramulis pedunculis fructibusque superis albo-tonientosis.
'* A tree of slender habit, forming brushes in ravines falling into the Regent's River, Brunswick Bay, N. W. Coast, Australia (Lat. 15*^4. s. Long. 124". 45'. e.) 10th Oct. 1820; Mermaid's second Voyage."
T. salicina, A. C. ; arbuscula, foliis lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis subdentatis conferte verruculosis alternis ramulisque angulatis glabris, floribus laxe corymbosis, calycibus superis glabris.
" A slender tree, 12-15 feet high, in shaded ravines, Spring- wood, Blue Mountains. Sept. 1822."
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1840
CENOTHERA seiotina. Late-fiowering Evening Primrose.
Nat. Old. Onagrace^.
(E NO THERA.— Supra, vol. 2. fol. 147.
CE. serotina, caule ascendente, internodiis subsequalibus, foliis lineari-lanceolatis subdentatis pubescentibus, capsulis pedicellatis obovatis tetrapteris pube- scentibus.
CE. serotina. Sweet Fl. G. I. ser. 2. 184.
According to Sweet this plant was sent under the present name by Mr. Nuttall to the Liverpool Garden ; I do not, however, find it noticed by the latter Botanist, nor is it men- tioned, as far as I can discover, by any writer on the plants of North America. It is probably considered, and perhaps with reason, a mere variety of CE.fruticosa, from which it differs more in habit than in any very precise characters. Its leaves are narrower and longer, its stem much less erect, and the leaves and inflorescence are not separated from each other by a considerable interval, as is usually the case in (E. fruticosa. The period of flowering of (E. serotina is later, extending into November.
In size the flowers are variable. Usually they are as is here represented, seldom so large as in the figure in Sweet's Flower Garden.
It is a hardy perennial, growing best in a moist, but well drained American border ; but not refusing cultivation even in common garden soil. The late period to which its flowering- is protracted renders it an acceptable species.
NOTE UPON FOL. 1829.
Mr. Lambert has satisfied me that the seeds from which his plants of CE. concinna were raised, were really obtained from Chilian specimens, collected by Mr. Cuming. The species must, however, be
of very rare occurrence, for no notice is taken of it in Messrs. Hooker and Ai-nott's valuable catalogue of Chilian plants, nor do I see for what species those authors, who I presume must have had all Mr. Cuming's collection, could have mistaken it. The only new species they mention is (E. mendocinensis, which was not found by Ml-. Cuming, and which seems from the description to be a very dif- ferent plant. It is no doubt improbable that the same species should be found in Chile and in Florida, but I am still at a loss to discover the difference between (E. concinna and CE. humifusa.
With regard to the observations I felt called upon to make upon the absurdity and mischievousness of the endless changes of names introduced into Botany by some Botanical writers, I cannot but feel upon consideration that it was wrong in me to assign particular motives to Mr. Spach for his proceedings, however much 1 might be disposed to ridicule or condemn them. As it is not my nature to be either uncharitable or unjust, I do not scruple to take this opportunity of recalling that part of the remarks, in which I assigned Mr. Spach a place in the school of Schreber; but in stating this I by no means wish to be understood as withdrawing one word of the remainder of the criticism. On the contrary I regard such a case as that which elicited my animadversions to be one of those which there is no hope of curing without the application of the actual cautery.
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1841
CORYANTHES macrantha.
Large-flowered Coryanthes.
Nat. ord. OncHiDACEiE, § Yandex, CORYANTHES.— Supra, vol. 2\. t. 1793.
C. macrantha; foliis angusto-lanceolatis, pseudo-bulbis ovato-conlcis alte
sulcatis, labello utrinque quater plicato : plicis deflexis. Gongora macrantha. Hooker Bat. Misc. 2. p. 151. t. SO. Coryanthes macrantha. Hooker in Bat. Mag.fol. 3102 in textu. Gen. 8f Sp.
of Orchideous PI. 159.
Accustomed as we are now become to strange forms among Orchideous plants, I doubt whether any species.has yet been seen more remarkable for its unusual characters than that now represented.
It was first figured by Dr. Hooker in the Botanical Mis- cellany, from a specimen in spirits sent him from the Caraccas by Mr. Lockhart. When the plant blossomed in Trinidad, the flowers appeared so extraordinary to those who saw them that the visitors to the Botanic Garden supposed them to be artificial. It has, however, lately flowered in the collection of Mr. Knight in the King's Road; and it proves to be in all respects the same as the specimen sent to Dr. Hooker.
The plant has the habit of a Stanhopea, or a Gongora ; and pushes forth from the base of its pseudo-bulbs a pendulous scape, on which two or three flowers are developed. Each flower is placed at the end of a long stiff" cylindrical furrowed ovary, and when expanded, measures something more than 6 inches from the tip of one sepal to that of the opposite one. In colour the sepals are an ochrey yellow, spotted irregularly with dull purple; they have a most delicate texture; the upper sepal falls back from the tip of the ovary, is narrow and not above one half the length of the two lateral ones, which, instead
of applying themselves to the lip as is usually the case, turn directly away from it, placing themselves at an acute angle with the upper sepal, and after a while collapsing at their sides till they look something like bats' wings half at rest. The petals, which are narrowly lanceolate, very weak and much curved at the edge, have the same colour and texture as the sepals nearly, and are intermediate in length between the upper one and those at the side; they hang nearly parallel with the column, but are so placed as to conceal in no degree the lip ; nature taking most especial care to exhibit this strange part in the most conspicuous manner. The lip is as fleshy and solid in its texture as the sepals and petals are de- licate; it is seated on a deep purple stalk, nearly an inch long, and forming an obtuse angle with the column, and conse- quently an acute one with the ovary ; this stalk terminates in a hemispherical greenish-purple cup, or rather cap consi- dering its position, and the latter, contracting at its front edge, extends forward into a sort of second stalk of a very vivid blood colour, the sides of which are thinner than the centre, turned back, and marked with 4 or 5 very deep solid sharp- edged plaits. These plaited edges again expand and form a second cup, less lobed than the first, thinning away very much to the edges, of a broadly conical figure, with a diameter of at least two inches at the orifice ; this second cup is of an ochrey yellow, streaked and spotted with pale crimson, and seems intended to catch a watery secretion which drips into it from two succulent horns which take their origin in the base of the column, and hang over the centre of the cup.
Of course this species will require the heat of a damp stove.
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1842
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LOBELIA decurrens.
Winged-stemmed Lobelia.
Nat. Ord. LOBELIACE^.
LOBELIA.— Supra, vol 1. fol. 60.
L. decurrens ; foliis ovato-lanceolatis decarrentibus confertis duplicato-serratis glabris, floribvis axillaribus breviter pedunculatis, calycis villosi laciniis lanceolatis inciso-serratis, corollsD laciniis apice pilosis. Spreng. syst. \. 712. Sweet. Brit.Fl. G. n. s. 1. 86.
L. decurrens. Cav. ic. 6. 13. t. 521. Rom. Sf Schult. syst. 5. 42.
Perennis. Caulis erectus, parum ramosus, de?isissime foliosus, l-pedalis, glaber, hasihus folioruvi decurrentibus alatus. Folia glabra, radicalia obovato-lanceolata, duplicato et mcequaliter dentata ; caulina sessilia, lanceolata, internodiis 3-plo longiora, duplicato-dentata, deniibus omnibiis acuminatis. Floras ad Jastigium caulis, axillares, breviter pedunculati ; calycihus pedunculisque villosis. Calyx superus, hemisphcericus, laciniis foliaceis lineari-lanceolatis pinnatijido-jimbriatis. Corolla pallide coerulea, rectiuscula, limbo erecto, 5-lobo extus pubesceute, lobis anterioribus subcon- nalis, dorso Jissa. Tubus staminum Jiliformis, glaber, antheris omnino connatis glaberrimis. Stigma bilobum extus annulo obscure pilorum cir- cumdatum.
Introduced some years since from Chile, but not frequently seen in collections. It is probably destroyed very often by our winters, which the plant, although perfectly hardy during the summer, is unable of bearing without protection.
It is a handsome perennial, growing vigorously in a moist partially shaded peat border, and increased without much difficulty by cuttings. It flowers in June, July, and August. Our drawing was made in the Garden of the Horti- cultural Society.
Like the rest of its genus, this has an exceedingly acrid milky juice, which renders it dangerous to those who handle it incautiously.
■ Hva^ /C>l^ Jtc
1843
ALSTROEMERIA aurantiaca.
Orange-fiowered Alstrcemeria.
Nat. ord. Amaryllidace^, § 1. Caulescentes. Subordo 1. Opercu- losae, Hypoxidese, (operculo ovarii prominente) Herbert, MS.
ALSTRCEMERIA. German ovulis suberectis non imbricantibus, 6-cos- tatum, superne 1 2-angulare apiculo trilobo (lobis costas sepalinas respicientibus). Perianthium sexpartitum laciniis quater disparibus apice reflexis pctalis duobus erectis imo porrecto : filamenta recurvata, germini inserta, laciniarum basi vix adnata, petalina basi acut6 ovali sepalina seraicirculari capsulam signantia. Cap- sula acuminate operculata sexcostata valvulis crustaceis septigeris dissilientibus, axe ab ima parte trifariam disrupto, costarum dimidio inseparabiliter pedunculo adha?rente ; semina subrotunda testa tuberculata difficulter separabili, hilo Isevi,
chalaza circulari, endopleura ab albumine corneo inseparabili. Plantce Occi-
dentales caule {quoad novi) erecto folioso vel squammato, pedunculis brac- teatis, l-5-(pluri?)JIoris. Herbert, MSS.
A. aurantiaca; erecta, foliis lanceolatis obtusis glabris obsolete denticulatis, perianthii foliolis integerrimis : interioribus lanceolatis acuminatis erectis. Don in Sweet Fl. Gard. 2 ser. 3. 205. t. 208.
? A. aurea. Graham in Jamiesons Journal, July. 1833.
The drawing of this plant was made in the Nursery of Messrs. Low and Co. of Clapton, in June 1833. It is a very handsome species, and with a little protection from wet during winter will live very well in the open ground.
For the following observations upon it I am indebted to the Honourable and Rev. W. Herbert.
" Alstrcemeria aurantiaca has the flower stem with smooth leaves, persistent, and green for months after the seed is ripe and shed, and even the long leaf-like bractes on the peduncles remain till winter. A. pulchella, Bot. Mag. (erroneously so named, and apparently hsemantha of Flor. Peruv.) has the leaves ciliated, the stems shorter, the bractes less, and the whole perishable almost before the seed is ripe; the tubers lying dormant more than half the year, and sprouting slowly
in the spring. Aurantiaca never dies away entirely, unless perhaps if cut by severe frosts, but sends up fresh stems. The capsule of aurantiaca is much less acutely pointed and prolonged; its peduncles fewer flowered, less erect, and not so long. The peduncles of aurantiaca in the border at Spofforth are 4-inched and 3-flowered on a stem a yard high; those of the plant called pulchella, 9-inched and 5-flowered on a stem 12 or 13 inches high. The seed of aurantiaca is very pale chesnut-coloured, the chalaza rather elevated and a little tuberculated ; those of the other plant of a much deeper chesnut, the tubercles which cover them fewer and harsher, the chalaza flatter and smoother, the hilum shorter, more distinctly marked and whiter.
"Bomarea, amongst other diflTerences from Alstrcemeria, has the ovules cumulate and a little imbricating, the capsule coriaceous, not opening from the base and dissilient, but widely dehiscent at the top, persistent and thrown back; the seeds not ejected by disruption of the capsule, but adhesive, covered with a soft pulpy coat. In all the known species the stem is twining, and so far as I can ascertain, the style tripartible.
" Sphserine (mihi) has the capsule indehiscent, the seed- coat pulpy, but less so than Bomarea, the stem tapering, flexuous, but not twining.
" Collania (mihi) has the stem rigid, the umbel nodding, the leaves rigid, the flowers few, with a close tubular appear- ance, gibbous at the base, the germen smaller than the base of the flower, ribbed, turbinate, the fruit not known.
" That the lobes on the point of the capsule in Alstrcemeria, which are the bases of the three consolidated styles, and cor- respond with the three angles or lobes of the stigma, are opposite the ribs of the sepals, belongs in truth to the obser- vations on the character of the order and not of the genus. An amended generic character of the order will be attempted in the revision of Amar\dlidace8e, preparing for the press."
W. H.
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S^
1844
* ANGRtECUM caudatum. Long-tailed Angrcecum.
Nat. ord. Orchidace^, § Vande^. JNGR^ CUM.— Supra, vol. 18. fol. 1522.
A. caudatum; foliis loratis canaliculatis emarglnatis, spica radical! penduld flexuosa 4-flora, labello obovato rostrato serrulate, calcare longissimo apice bilobo.
Epiphyta radices crassas simplices nebulosas promens- Caulis simplex, brevis, foliis loratis canaliculatis apice fissis 6 j)oll. longis, distiche imbrica- tis. Spica pedalis, ex axilla imorum foliorum pendula ; pedunculo gracili, atroviridi, ad nodes tumido ; rachi Jiexuosa, internodiis circiter 2 poll, longis. Ovarium sessile, fusco-maculatum, hasi tortum. Sepala et petala explanata, lineari-lanceolata, acuminata, herbacea, cequalia, basi fulva, fere 2 poll, longa. Labellum ejusdem longitiidinis, album, petaloideum, serrulatum, cuneatum angulis rotundatis v. potius obovatum, apice mn- crone longo viridi rostratum, imd basi involutum et denticulatum, in calcar productum 9 poll, longum, fulvum, subulatum apice (Jig. 3.) obtusum et bilobum. Columna fulvo-viridis, brevis, erecta, basi (^Jig. 1.) crassior et angulata, sursum attenuata et marginata, gynizo piano fulvo, rostello subulato gynizo longiore. Pollinia 2, postice paulb sulcata, in cau- diculam longam cuneatam sessilia.
A most remarkable new species of Angrsecum, imported from Sierra Leone by the Messrs. Loddiges, in whose collec- tion the accompanying drawing was made in August last. At present it is exceedingly rare, and is likely to remain so ; for it seems to be one of the most difficult of the tribe to manage successfully. In the Nursery at Hackney it is attached to a piece, of wood suspended from the roof of the stove for epiphytes.
* See folio 1522. VOL. XXII.
The most curious point of structure in this species is the unusual length of its spur, which measures nine inches from its base to its two-lobed apex. The only parallels to this among all the Orchideous plants I am acquainted with are those of Hahenaria longicauda figured in the Botanical Maga- zine, t. 2957, and of Ayigrcecum sesquipedale of Du Petit Thouars's Mascaren Orchidese, t. 66 and 67. For what wise purpose these extraordinary appendages may have been destined by nature, we may well be unable to imagine. It would seem that they must be added to the vast list of objects which, to our confined apprehension, appear merely intended to exhibit the endless diversity of power of the Creator.
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1845
=* KENNEDYA Stirlingi. Sir James Stirling's Kennedy a.
Nat. ord. Leguminos^, or pABACEiE. KENNEDYA.— Snprci, vol. W.fol. 944.
K. Stirlingi ; foliolis tribus subrotundo-ovatis mucronulatis glabrlusculls, pe- tiolis caulibusque pilosis, stipulis late ovatis acutis, bracteis fasciculatis, v. verticillatis nunc trUobis nunc in involucrum conniventibus, floribus gemi- nis, calycibus pedunculisque pilosis.
A graceful greenhouse trailing plant, native of the Swan River. It was raised by Robert Mangles, Esq. of Whitmore Lodge, from seeds given to him by Sir James Stirling, the Governor of the Colony, in compliment to whom it has been named.
Its thin broad pale green leaves, fringed with long weak hairs, and its twin scarlet flowers sufficiently characterise this species, which moreover is botanically remarkable for having its bracts collected into a whorl, or even grown together into a little involucre.
Flowers in April, and no doubt easily propagated by cuttings.
* See folio 1421,
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1846
* CRATiEGUS microcarpa.
Small-fruited Thorn.
Nat. ord. Rosacea, § Pome^. CRAT^GUS.— Supra, vol. 13. fol. 1128.
microcarpa ; subspinosa, foliis fasciculatis longe cuneatis 3-fidis lobatisque crenatis glabris nitidis, corymbis multifloris, calycibus glabris laciniis ovatis integerriinis, pomis ovato-subrotundis glabris 5-loculaiibu3, putamine tenui.
spathulata. Elliott Fl. S. Carol. 1. 552. Loudon's Arbor. Brit. t.3\. k. non Mich, nee Pursh.
Fe^ hardy plants are more deserving of general admi- ration for the neatness of their foliage, the diversity of their manner of growing, the beauty of their flowers in the spring, or the gay appearance of. their numerous richly coloured haws in the autumn, than the various species of the genus Crataegus. And yet they are little known, except to the curious collector, they are not very frequently seen in gar- dens, if we except a few varieties of the common Hawthorn, and Botanists themselves have paid them but little attention. I, therefore, propose to avail myself of the circulation of this work for the purpose of bringing the subject into more notice, and of shewing how very well deserving the species of Crataegus are of general cultivation ; but as they are very much alike in flower, and as their strongest claims to be con- sidered ornamental plants arise from the beauty of their leaves and fruit, it is in the latter state that they will generally be represented.
* See Mo 1161.
C. microcarpa is, according to Elliott, a native of the upper districts of Georgia and Carolina ; in Colombia connty, Georgia, common, growing to a small tree, from twelve to fifteen feet high. It was also collected in an unusually spiny state by Mr. Drummond in the province of Texas.
Elliott confounds it with Cr. spathulata, which, as de- scribed by Michaux and Pursh, must be a different species in the way of Cr. pai'vifolia, and allied to the C. virginiana of the English nurseries.
In this country Cr. microcarpa is a small tree with slen- der, smooth, drooping branches, and something of the habit of the Whitethorn. Its leaves have a very handsome ap- pearance, and are remarkably shining and deep green ; they usually grow in clusters, have a long stalk, tapering up- wards into a blade which is sometimes nearly entire, with only a tooth or two at the end, sometimes they are three- lobed with crenated segments, and occasionally they are deeply three-parted ; their form is always more or less spa- thulate. The stipules of the more vigorous branches are large and leafy. The flowers are white and appear in May, or the beginning of June, at the same time with those of Cr. cordata, and later than most others. The fruit is rather abundant, but small, and, although bright red, does not make much show upon the branches. The sides of the stones of the fruit are unusually thin for a Crataegus.
Our drawing was made in the Garden of the Horticul- tural Society.
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J^.<i>^a£j. JJ
1847
* CRATjioUS heterophylla. Various- leaved Hawthorn.
Nat. ord. Rosace^e, § Pome^. CRATAEGUS. -Supra, vol. 13. fol. 1128.
C. heterophylla; foliis lucidis tarde deciduis lanceolatis cuneatis apice dentatis trifidis pinnatifidisque laciniis serratis, tubo calycis fusiformi, cymis multi- floris, floribus monogynis, fructibus ovatis monopyrenis putamine osseo, stipulis maximis pinnatifidis.
C. heterophylla. Suprd, vol. 14. fol. 1161.
In the fourteenth volume of this work, at fol. 1161, this species is represented in its flowering state, and some ac- count is given of its synonyms and general structure. In that account, however, it is necessary to observe that the fruit is erroneously described as black.
The accompanying plate will give an idea of its appear- ance when in fruit.
The tree, whence the drawing was taken, in the Garden of the Horticultural Society, is one of the handsomest in that very extensive collection of hardy trees and shrubs. It forms a dense pyramidal head, leats among the first of the genus, and is soon covered with a mantle of snow-white blossoms. After the latter have fallen away the leaves become fully developed, and from their shining surface, neat figure, and firmness of texture, render the tree still a beautiful object. Finally, the rich crimson of the numerous haws which adorn the branches in the last days of autumn, harmonizes l)eautifully with the fading verdure of the leaves.
* See fol. 1161.
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1848
* MAXILLA RI A rutescens.
Brownish MaxiUaria.
Nat. Old. ORCHIDACEyE, § VaNDEjE.
MAXILLARIA.—Suprd, vol. 11. fol. 897.
M. rufescens ; pseudobulbis ovatis subtetragonis monophyllis, fdliis lanceolatis utrinque acuminatls, scapis unifloris (prostratis) vagiuis distantibus, sepalis petalisque oblongis conformibus obtusis, labello oblongo triJobo etubercu- lato laciniis lateralibus minimis acutis intermedia elongata emarginata. Supra, fol. 18U2.irt textu.
A native of Trinidad, whence it was imported by Mr. Lowe of Clapton. It first flowered at His Grace the Duke of Devon- shire's at ChatSM^orth, in December 1834, whence I was favoured with a sketch ; since that time it has appeared in many other collections.
It requires the usual management of a hot damp stove, in which it grows freely.
By no means one of the prettiest of the genus, nevertheless its yellow labellum richly spotted with crimson, is a beautiful object when closely examined.
This species also occurs in gardens under the name of M. fucata.
* See folio 1428.
M^p.
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1849
*GOD]ETIA lepida.
Smart Godetia.
Nat. ord Onagrace^.
GODETIA Spach. Omnia CEnotherae salvis seminibus angulatis quels
comae rudimentum adest marginls dentatse forma chalazam circumdantis.
Omnes annuce, floribus rubicundis v, purpurascentibus, nunquam xanthinis.
G. lepida ; erecta, foliis ovato-lanceolatis integerrimis, petalis subrhombeis ob- tusis denticulatis, staminibus petalis triplo brevioribus alternis brevioribus, capsulis sessilibus ovato-oblongis villosis.
Ayinua, pedalis et sesquipedalis, caule stricto ramoso pilis brevibus adpressis leviter pubescente. Folia ovato-lanceolata, integerrima, subpilosa, Jloribus cequalia v. paulh longiora. Sepala acuminata, reflexa, villosa, ovario parum breviora, tubo brevissimo. Petala subrotunda in rhomboideam formam abeuntia, apice denticulata, pallide purpurascentia, maculd vinoso- purjmrea. cuneatd in medio apicis. Stamina alterna breviora, antheris pur- pureis apice fulvis ; petalis triplo breviora. Capsula sessilis, ovaio-oblongay pilis sessilibus albidis villosa. Semina fusca, depressa, angulata, cunei- formia, chalazd marginatd denticulatd.
A pretty new annual, found in California by Mr. Douglas. It was raised in the Garden of the Horticultural Society in July 1835. In some respects, especially in the spots on its petals, it resembles Godetia (CEnothera) quadrivulnera, but is more handsome than that species ; in reality it is most nearly allied to Godetia (CEnothera) decumbens, already figured at t. 1221 of this work; but that species, indepen-
* A name the meaning of which is unexplained by its author, M. Spach.
dently of its glaucous leaves, decumbent habit, and whole- coloured flowers, has less shaggy and more linear fruit.
My reasons for admitting the genus Godetia have been already given at fol. 1829, in the note.
The relationship of Godetia and Oenothera to Fuchsia is admitted on all hands ; and everything that appertains to the latter beautiful genus is so generally interesting that I gladly avail myself of the present opportunity of pub- lishing a memorandum, for which I am indebted to Mr. Allan Cunningham, concerning two apetalous species, one of which has already been figured in the Flora Peruviana, and the other lately discovered by Mr. Richard Cunning- ham in New Zealand.
* F lores ape tali.
F. procumbens ; (Rich. Cunn. MSS.) caule procumbente adscendente, ramis gracilibus glabris, folils sparsis alternis longe petiolatis lato-elllpticis subro- tundisve obtusis basi subinde cordatis remote denticulatis ciliatis, paginis glabris, pedicellis solitariis axillaribus flore ter breviorlbus, perianthio infun- dibuliformi, lobis lanceolatis reflexis tubo brevioribus, stylo elongato fili- formi stamina exserta superante, stigmate dilatato lobato pilis paten tibus tenuiter instructo. A. C.
Totera ab incolis vulgo vocatur.
Hah. in Noveb Zelandiae insula septentrionali : in arenosis prope littora, juxta pagum Matauri, adversum Insulas Cavallos, ubi in mense Martii floret. — 1834. Bich. Cunningham.
Fruticulus decumbens, virgatus. Rami patentes, graciles, teretes, juniores foliati. Folia subuncialia, venosa, basi cordiformia minute denticulata utrinque orlabra. Petioli unciales, complanato — filiformes, glabriusculi, supra canali- culati. Flores axillares, solitarii, erecti, apetali. Perianthium tubulosum aurantio-luteura, limbus 4-partitus reflexus ; laciniis aequalibus lanceolatis, acutis, virldibus, apicibus purpureo-luridis. Staui. 8 ; filamenta fauci inserta; antherse ovata hilnrnl.i.f.^ n^it.f'-^ o.-o..;,,,,, „„«.i..:t — u.... i,,^,,!;^ nlnri-
ovulatis, ovulis obovatis erectis. Stylus complaiiatus staminibus longior. Stigma clavatum, lobatuni. Bacca — A. C.
V.apefala; (Ruiz, melius scandens) caule villoso scandente radicante, foliis con- fertis alternis petiolatis ovatis acuminatis integerrimis, petiolis ramulis foliisque junioribus copiose villosis, floribus extremitatem versiis ramulorum subcorymbosis pedicello plus quater longioribus, perianthio elongato tubu- loso lobis ovatis acutiusculis erecto-patentlbus tubo triple brevioribus, stylo filiformi staminibus exsertis parum longiore, stigmate lobato glabro. A. C.
Fuchsia apetala. De Cand. prodr. 3. p. 39. Ruiz et Pavon. fl. peruv. 3. p. 89. t. 322. y, b. {v. s. spont. in herb. Lambert.)
Hab. in Peruvia : in nemoribus circa Huassi-huassi et Muna. Maio floret. 1779. Ruiz, Pavon, Dombey.
Frutex scandens, super arborum truncos radicans. Caulis parum ramosus, teres, cortice multiplici ferrugineo, radicibus stoloniformibus longissimis arbori- bus adhserens. Folia venosa subtus purpurascentia, decidua. Petioli dense villosi. Flores corymboso-umbellati, dependentes, magni, apetali, sesqui v. 5-pollicares ! Perianthii tubus ruber, limbus quadripartitus rectus, lobis parvis ovatis dilute luteis. Stamina octo. Bacca oblonga tetrag^ona, rubra quadripartita. A. C.
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ia5o
* OXYCjRA chrysanthemoides.
Ox -eye- like Oxyura.
Nat. ord. Composite.
OXYURA. De Cand. in Lindl. Nat. Syst. of Bot. ed. 2. page 259. Involucrum simplici serie verticlUatum, foliolis herbaceis patentibus basibus suis cucullatis flosculos radii involventibus. Flosculi radii fere neutri; pappo O, stylo bilobo, corolld ligulatgl triloba. Flosculi disci hermaphroditi, bracteis basi membranaceis apice herbaceis stipati ; pappo O ; corolld infundlbulari, pube- scente, basi paulo gibbosa; antheris muticis ; styli ramis subulatis acutis dorso villosis. Receptaculum planum.
Oxyura chrysanthemoides. D. C. in Herb. Hort. Soc. Lond.
Annua., erecta, ramosa, leviter pubescens. CanMs purpurascens. Folia inferiora pinnatifida, laciniis linearibus obtusis sublobatis ; superiora sen- sim magis integra, suprema integerrima, omnia margine scabriuscula. Capitula solitaria, pedunculo subclavato tomentoso. Involucrum planiuscu- lum, foliolis serie simplici verticillatis, herbaceis, ligulatis, obtusis, basi ovaria flosculorum radialium involventibus ; angulis dorsalibus hispido'Cchi- natis. Llgulae lato-oblongce, involucro paulo longiores, triloboe, basi lutecE, apice pallidce. Flosculi disci infundibulares, ovario compresso glabro calvo (incuria pictoris pessime reprcesentatur hirsutum pappo irregulari setoso) ; tubus teres basi paululum gibbosus, pubescens, limbi erecti longitudine. Paleae receptaculi membranacece, pilosce, apice herbacece, barbatce, corol- larum fere longitudine.
A new genus of Compositae, placed by M. De Candolle, in his catalogue of the genera of that order in the second edition of my Natural System of Botany, in the subdivision Madieae, of the division Galinsogeae, of the suhtrihe Helenieae, of the tribe Senecionideae, of his first series Tubuliflorse, which nearly answers to the Corymbiferae of Jussieu.
* It is supposed that this word is formed from oi,vc, sharp, and ovpa, a tail, but its application is not obvious.
With very much the aspect of Chrysanthemum corona- rium, except that it is not half so tall, it agrees very nearly in structure with the widely different genus Madia, especially in having the ovaries of the florets of the ray enwrapped in the bases of the leaflets of the involucre.
This species is a hardy annual, introduced by the Horti- cultural Society from California, where it was found by Mr. Douglas. It flowers in the months of August and September, ripening seeds in abundance.
Of the dissections in the accompanying plate, fig. 4 repre- sents an anther; fig. 2 a floret of the ray with its base enwrapped in the scale of the involucre ; and fig. 3 the top of tJie style with the two subulate hairy branches of the stigma ; but fig. 1 does not belong to the plant ; it has been introduced by some negligence on the part of the artist.
^
1851
* ONCIDIUM altissimum. Tallest Oncidium.
GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.
Nat. ord. Orchidace^, § Vande^e. ONCIDIUM.— Suprd, vol. 13. fol. J 050.
0. altissimum ; pseudobulbis subrotundis compressis ancipltibus, foliis distichls
ensiformibus carinatis acutis scapo decurvo multo brevioribus, racemo sim- plicl, sepalis petalisque labelli longitudine lineari-lanceolatis undulatis, - labello apice dilatato bilobo medio constrlcto basi auriculato, crista ennea- dactyla, columnee alis rotundatis crenulatis. Epidendrum altissimum. Jacq. stirp. amer. 2'29. t. 141.
Planta elegans, parasitica arborum. Radices teretes,Jihros(E, cinerece, numeroscB. Folia acuta, ensiformi-oblonga, avenia, nitida, integerrima, crassiiiscula, pollicetn lata, sesqui-pollicem longa, hasi carinata, cceterum plana : orta singula e 7iodo t'el tuber-e ovato, compresso, glabra, ovi interdum anserini magnitudine ; qui ipse insidet basifolii alius radicalis, unius alte- riusve, et similis. Inter hoc nodumque exsurgit scapus solitarius, teres, glaber, colore ferrugineo, tenuis, inclinatus, quadripedalis, superne race- mosus ; qui ad pedunculos et nodos vestitur spathis membranaceis, lanceo- latis, cinereisque. Pedunculi bijlori vel trijlori plerumque, distiche alterni. Flores inodori,Jfavi cum macidis fuscis, numerosi. His sunt petala oblonga, distincta, utrinque acuta, undulata, subcequalia. Nectarii labii inferioris lacinia media est suhquadrata, fiavaque tola sine maculis. Reliqua in charactere obtinent, sicuti in Epidendro (Oncidio) carthaginensi. Jacq.
1. c. 229.
I long ago suspected that two distinct species were con- founded under the name of O. altissimum, and I even dis- tinguished, by the name of O. Baueri, what appeared to be a different species from the Epidendrum altissimum of Jacquin, which is the original authority for the former name. I was afterwards led to suppose that O. Baueri was a mere form of O. altissimum, and I accordingly reduced it to a simple
* See folio 1542. VOL. xxir. F
variety, in the genera and species of Orcliideous plants. In this however I am satisfied that I was wrong, as will I think be evident from the following comparison of the two species as they were seen last year in the stove of the Messrs. Loddiofes.
't>^
O, altissimum, Pseudobulbs nearly round, very much compressed, and two- edged. Leaves acute. Raceme decumbent nearly simple. Colours of the flower very bright. Wings of the column rounded and a little crenelled.
O. Baueri. Pseudobulbs oblong, a little compressed, only slightly two-edged. Leaves broader, and rather acuminate. Raceme erect, very compound. Colour of the flowers rather dingy. Wings of the column very remarkably truncated.
It is impossible, now that these differences are made out, to combine the two plants as I once proposed. I therefore avail myself gladly of an opportunity afforded me by Messrs. Loddiges of figuring the true O. altissimum; and for the satisfaction of those who may not have access to the work in which it was first described, I have added the very words of Jacquin in speaking of that species.
The O. altissimum figured at fol. 1651 is the true O, Baueii.
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* CRATiEGUS orieritali.
Oriental Hawthorn.
ISOCANDRIA ni-PENTAGYNlA.
Nat. ord. Rosacea, § Pomaces. CRAT^G US.— Supra, vol. U. fol. 1 128.
C. orientalis ; foliis subtrifidis inciso-serratis basi cuneatis tomentosis, fructibus 4-5-pyrenis glabris sphaericis nudis, putamine crassissimo,
Mespilus orientalis apli folio villoso, fructu magno pentagono purpureo crlabro Tour7i. It. vol. 2. p. ]72. " "
Folia tomentosa demum calva ; stipulis magnis semicordatis serratis. Pedunculi tovieyitosi. Fructus atropurpurei, glahri, subpentagoni, pyrenis 4-5 osseis, putamine crassissimo.
A very handsome tree, with large snow-white fragrant vernal flowers, and rich purple autumnal leaves. When young it has a gray appearance because its leaves are downy ; at a more advanced age it becomes green in consequence of the leaves losing their hairiness.
This I take it is the genuine Oriental Mespilus of Tour- nefort, with villous celery leaves, and a large purple 5- cornered smooth fruit, and is undoubtedly distinct from C. odoratissima to which some have referred it, as well as from C. tanacetifolia ; each of these last mentioned species will be figured hereafter.
C. orientalis forms a small close-headed tree, with the
Sec folio 1161.
F 2
aspect of C. odoratissima. It is propagated by grafting or budding upon the common Hawthorn. The drawing was made in the Garden of the Horticultural Society last October.
It is a native of the Crimea and the parts bordering on the Black Sea.
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1853
* 0RNITH6gALUM chloroleucum. Green and White Ornithogalum.
HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Nat. ord. Liliace^. ORNITHOGALUM.—Supra, vol. 8. tab. 158.
O. chloroleucum ; foliis acuminatis canaliculatls strictis racemi corymbosi longi- tudine, filamentis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis conformibus laciniis perianthil brevioribus, sepalis petalisque oblongis obtusis.
Folia scBpius racemi longitudine, aliqudndo breviora. Floras parvi, patenfes. Ovarii loculamenta polysperma, ovulis imbricatis alatis ascen- dentibus. Stigma d-fidum.
Found not nncommonly in the vicinity of Valparaiso, whence it has been brought by several collectors. It is the
* " An ancient name, adopted by the Latins from the Greeks, evidently de- rived from opvic, opvL^OQ, a bird, and yaXa, milk ; but its application has proved a stumbling block to most etymologists. Ambrosinus presumes the word may allude, either to the shining milky-white of the flowers, like that of a hen's egg ; or to the white egg-shaped bulbs. Tournefort supposes the flowers, being green when closed, and white when expanded, may have been compared to the wings of several birds. Linnseus first gave the true explanation, in suggesting {Mant. 364. Preselect, in Ord. Nat. 287.) that the O. umbellatum appears to be the " dove's dung,'' mentioned in the 2nd Book of Kings, chap. vi. 5. 25. as having fetched so high a price during the siege of Samaria. It is recorded by the sacred writer, that a quarter of a cab of dove's dung then sold for five pieces of silver ; and the rabbinical commentators, taking the words literally, have asserted, absurdly enough, that it was used as fuel. As the plant grows copiously in Palestine, whence the English name. Star of Bethlehem, and the roots are still in common use for food in that country, the name is explained by the resem- blance in the colours of the flower to the dung of birds, the white or milky parts of which, their urine, is contrasted with dull green, exactly as in the petals of this original species of the genus before us, and which appears to be the very one described by Dioscoridcs. " — Smith.
number 692 of Ciimings collection, 343 of Bridges, and 270 of Matthews.
It is a frame bulb, flowering in July. The specimen from which the drawing was taken was furnished by Robert
Mangles, Esq.
There is no previously described species that can be confounded with it.
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1854
* CAMELLIA japonica, Donckelaeri.
Donckelaers Japan Camellia.
MONADELPHIA MONOGYNIA. Nat. ord. TERNSTROMIACEiE.
CAMELLIA.— Suprd, vol. l.fol. 22.
Camellia japonica, vide suprd, I. c.
Garden Variety.
A remarkably beautiful variety, for the opportunity of figuring which we are obliged to Mr. Lowe of Clapton. It is said to be a genuine Japanese kind, and to have been brought to Holland by Dr. Siebold.
The blotching of the petals and "the general appearance of the specimen have been very happily expressed by Miss Drake in the accompanying figure.
* See folio 1267.
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1855
* CRATAEGUS maroccana.
Morocco Hawthojii.
ICOSANDRIA DI-PENTAGYNIA.
Nat. ord. Rosacea, § Pomace^e. CRATMGUS. -Supra, vol. 13. fol. 1128.
C. viaroccana ; foliis cuneatls glabris 3-5-fidis 3-lobisque lobis integrls sub- falcatis, calycibus glabris, fructibus subrotundis glabris dipyrenis, putamine crassissimo.
C. maroccana. DC. prodr. 2. 628.
C. aronia. Decaisne in Ann. Sc. n. ser. 3. 264 ; not of others.
Folia glabra, longipetiolata, integra, triloba, Z-fida, 5-Jida, into 3-5-
partita, lobis scepius integerrimis acutis nunc subfalcatis. Poma pallide
lateritia, subrotunda, dipyrena, putamine crassissimo.
Said, I know not on what authority, to be a native of Barbary ; but it is not mentioned by Desfontaines, nor have 1 seen any certain specimen from that country.
It however undoubtedly occurs in Palestine, having been collected on Mounts Sinai and St. Catharine by M. Bove, in June 1832; its Arabian name is Sarrour. C. Aronia, to which M. Decaisne referred M. Bove's specimens, is essentially dif- ferent, as I shall hereafter shew.
It is not improbable that C. maroccana is a mere variety of C. heterophylla, t. 1847 ; to which it approaches very nearly in some respects. Independently however of the form and colour of the fruit, and of the shape of tlie leaves, by
* See folio 1161.
which these species are sufficiently distinguishable, the sti- pules of C. maroccana are smaller, the growth less vigo- rous, and the fruit has usually two stones instead of one.
The drawing was made in the Garden of the Horticul- tural Society.
/SS6.
-Jwt.^. ^. .91^/yJ.^cci^u^ /^/ ^icca^^'l^ MoAf./. fffSS.
1856
* GODETIA rubiciinda.
Ruddy Godetia.
OCTANDRIA MONOGVNIA.
Nat. ord. Onagrace^e. GODETIA.— Suprd, vol. 22. /o/. 1849.
G. rubicunda ; erecta, foliis lineari-lanceolatis subdentatis viridibus, petalis sub- rotundo-cunealis undulatis immaculatis, staminibus alternis minorlbus, an- theris Igneis apice luteis cassis, stigmatlbus pallidis, capsulls linearibus ses- silibus truncatis, seminibus elongatb cuneatis.
Caulis erectus, 2-pedalis, ramosus, leviter pubescens. Folia viridia, lineari-lanceolata subdentata. Flores magni, rubicundi. Calyx tubo brevi obconico. Petala unicolora, basi exceptd igned, subrotundo-cuneata, tindu- lata, sepalis duplb staminibus fer^ triplh longiora. Stamina alterna bre- viora, antheris igneis subrostratis apice recurvantibus luteis cassis. Stig- mata pa /Zic?a linearia rejiexa. Capsula leviter pubescens, subsessilis, linea- ris, truncata, tetragona. Semina elongata, rhombea, cinereo fuscoque nebulosa.
A handsome species found in California by Mr. Douglas, and raised in the garden of the Horticultural Society. It forms an agreeable contrast with G. Lindleyana, in conse- quence of the want of spots, and the peculiar ruddy appear- ance of its petals. Flowers in July and August.
In many respects it approaches G. lepida, already figured in this work (fol. 1220) ; but it is abundantly distinguished by the following circumstances. The leaves are green and not glaucous, the flowers are twice as large and a bright flame colour at the base of the petals, while the purple blotch near the apex of those of G. lepida is wanting. In G. rubicunda the anthers are alternately shorter, of a rich flame colour,
* Sec fol. 1849.
except at the tips, where they are yellow, and rolled back- ward ; in G. lepida they are all equal, of one uniform, pale yellowish hue, and not turned back at the point. In G. ru- hicunda, the stigma is a very pale lilac, almost white, in G. lepida it is a rich dark purple; the seeds too of the former are far more slender than those of the latter species.
A hardy annual.
^■va4t.. a^. ^lt(-iy y. ^^u^oy /i^ ^Z:cuuUiy JUyJ. /JM.
rv/X^;.
1857
* ZYG0P6tALUM cochleare.
Spoon-lipped Zygopetalum.
GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.
Nat. ord. Orchidace^, § Vande^.
Z YGOPETA L UM, Hooker. PeriantMum explanatum, sepalls petalisque ascendentibus subsequalibus, cum ungue producto columntB connatis. Labellum muticum, indivisum, patens, ungue ascendente : crista magna transversa carnosa. Columna brevis, arcuata, semiteres. Anthera subbilocularis. Pollinia 2,
bipartibilia, in glandulam transversam subsessilia.' Herbae terrestres, sub-
acaules, foliis plicatis patentibus. Flores speciosi, labello coeruleo. Gen. et Sp. Orch. 187.
Z. cochleare ; foliis plicatis peduuculis unifloris radioalibus solitariis duplo longioribus, sepalis petalisque ovato-lanceolatis conniventibus inferioribus majoribus, labello cochleato bilobo crista transversa crenata.
Pseudobulbi nzfZZi. Y o\\a, pallidt viridia ohovata vel oblonga, plicata, pedem longa, infima abbreviata petiolaria. Pedunculi ex axillis foliorum infimoriiviy basi vaginati, unijiori, erecti, apice sub ovario bracted cucullatd oblongd. Ovarium albidum, incurvum. Perianthium semi-explanatum. Sepala ovata, subundulata, acuta, albo-viridia, lateralia majora. Petala sepalo svpremo conformia et ccqualia. l^aheWum cum columna basi paululum elongata articulatum, concavujn, unciam latum, 1 j unc. longum, indivisum, emarginatum, extus albidum, intus venis creberrimis atrocceruleis velutinis pictum ; breve unguiculatum, supra unguem callo lato rotundato convexo plurie s plicato et cristato instructum. Columna teres clavata, dorso viridi-alba, fronte purjmreo-striata, basi paululum producta. Antbera bilocularis valvis hilabiatis. Pollinia 4, per paria incumbentia.
Beautiful as all the species of Zygopetalum are, without exception, this is perhaps upon the whole the most attractive, not only on account of the delicate waxy surface of the petals and sepals, and the peculiarly rich veining of the Lapis lazuli blue of its lip, but because of its delicious fragrance. If Lilies
* So named by Sir William Hooker from (tvyvvb), to join ; in allusion to the adhesion of the segments of the perianth by their bases, in the original species.
of the Valley were growing intermingled with the plants, the air could not be more perfumed with their pure and delight- ful odour than it is after the curious flowers have unfolded.
Like all the other species of the genus, this is easily cul- tivated in earth in a damp stove. It is a native of Trinidad. The drawing was made from a specimen supplied by Mr. Knight, in August last.
1. represents a front view of the column, with the bases of the petals and lips adhering to it ; 2. is a view of the fleshy ridge of the lip ; and 3. shews the pollen masses and their glands.
^
^^
1858
* HABENARIA procera.
Tall Habenaria.
GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.
Nat. ord. Orchidace^. § OpHRYDEiE.
HABENARIA, Willd. Perianthium Orchidis. Calcar elongatum. Colunma libera reclinata. Anthera basibus loculorum solutis divergentibus ca- nalibus stigmaticis adhserentibus. Glanduloe nudse. Rostellum planum, an- tberae adnatuin. Processus carnosi 2 stigraatici, ultra antheram projicientes, forma varil. — Habitus Orchidis. Gen. & Sp. Orch. p. 306.
A. Erostres; ovariis pedunculatis subcylindraceis aut fusiformibus, nunquam rostratis.
§ 2. Petala indivisa. a. Labellum trifidum, laciniis Jiliformibus indivisis.
H. procera ; caule folioso, foliis oblongis basi cucuUatis patentibus sensim in bracteis decrescentibus, racemo multifloro, bracteis herbaceis inferioribus foliaceis ovarii longitudine superioribus parvis ovatis, labelli tripartiti laciniis lateralibus linearibus intermedia latiore paul6 brevioribus, calcare pendulo clavato ovario duplo longiore.
Orchis procera. Swartz in Pers. syn. 2. 506.
Habenaria procera. Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orch. 318,
Caulis bipedalis, foliis circiter 5 cequidistantibus dimidiam inferiorem vestientibus. Racemus laxus, multiflorus, 8 poll, longus. Ovaria 2^-polL Sepala ovata, alba apice viridia, lateralia latiora patentissima, supremum concavum cum petalis ovatis erectis albis dorso viridulis galeam referentibus. Labellum yere j9oZ/icem longum, album, laciniis apice luteo-viridibus. Calcar 3^-poll. longum, basi album, cceterum viride. Columna parva, alba, carnosa, reclinata, auriculis {staminibus ster.^ rotundatis. Anthera ochracea, loculis distantibus basibus elongatis, jjaululum incurvis, a canalibus stigmaticis facile separabilibus, caudiculam longam Jiliformem in gremio sua foventibus cui glandula parva pallida adnascifur. Canalia stigmatica linearia alba, truncata, crassitiei cequabilis. Rostellum planum antheroe adnatum. Pro- cessus carnosi herbacei, ultra os calcaris arcuatim projicientes, et canalibus stigmaticis paulb longiores.
* From habena a rein or thong, in allusion to the long strap-shaped spur* VOL. XXII. G
This rare species is a native of Sierra Leone, where it was found by Afzelius many years since. It was afterwards introduced with a brief character into Persoon's Synopsis, and from that time remained unknown, until it was im- ported last year by Messrs. Loddiges, in whose stove it flowered in August.
It offers an excellent illustration of the characters of the curious genus Hahenaria, as limited in the genera and species o/" Orchideous plants, and will shew the student in a distinct manner what the points are in which it differs from the genus Platanthera, whither I refer our British Butterfly Orchis, to which this bears a striking resemblance. In order to make this clear, attention should be paid to the magnified figure of a column extracted from the flower, and placed at the right hand corner of the accompanying plate. In this the lower white portion to the left is the column, with an auricle or sterile stamen at its upper corner to the right. Immediately proceeding from this in a curved direction upwards are the white stigmatic canals, in whose hollow the lengthened bases of the anther are placed when in their natural position. The upper yellow body which divides downw^ards into two legs is the anther ; the legs are its lobes, which lengthen at their lower end and fit into the stigmatic canals, enclosing the pollen masses in their upper portion, and in their lower keeping the caudicle of the pollen in such a position that it must inevitably come in contact with the gland which once formed the tip of the stigmatic canal, but which eventually separates from the latter, adhering to the caudicle, as is seen in the thread-shaped processes, which in the figure rise up from the anther-bases. All these parts equally exist in the genus Platanthera. But in Hahenaria we find an addition of two greenish horns, which spring from the lower edge of the stigma, skirting the orifice of the spur, and finally project beyond the latter, as is seen in the figure. These horns, which are considered to be processes of the stigma, do not occur in Platanthera, unless in a very rudimentary state, while in Hahenaria they are always so fully and obviously developed as to form conspicuous objects, even when the flowers are dried.
It may appear to some Botanists that this is but a slight distinction upon wliicli to found a genus. But it is to be remembered, firstly, that it is a decided organic difference, inasmuch as it is the developement of a new organ in the apparatus for reproduction; secondly, that it is a constant and obvious character which in many cases is far more remarkable than even in the species before us ; and more- over, that after being limited within the comparatively narrow bounds that I have assigned it, and after striking off the genera Bonatea, Peristylus, Platanthera, Aopla, and another or two, the genus Habenaria still comprehends no fewer than eighty-five well ascertained species, to which many more will doubtless have to be added.
This plant must have the heat of a damp stove, when in a growing state, but will doubtless partake of the habits of its kindred species in requiring a long period of coolness and dryness, while its roots are at rest, after the leaves have perished.
g2
^fL/^ kO zo'/b^^ .ci^e^. .^lUtvy J. C^tu^i^-u.;'
L'Q C Uc--xdctf^ J-kjJU^ . /. /i^J^P,
1859
* CATTLEYA labiata.
Crimson-lipped Cattleya.
GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.
Nat. ord. ORCHiDACEiE, § Epidendre^. CATTLEYA.— Suprd, vol. \4.foL 1172.
C. labiata ; sepalis lineari-lanceolatis, petalis membranaceis lato-lanceolatis acutis subundulatis, labello obovato undulato obtuso iiidiviso, pseudobulbis oblongis angulatis, spatha maxima foliacea. Gen. Sf Sp. Orch. pi. p. 116.
C. labiata. Lindl. Collect. Bot. t. 33. Hooker Exot. fi. \51 , Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1856.
A native of Brazil, whence it was introduced about 18 years ago by Mr. William Swainson. It has since that time been represented in most of our Botanical periodicals, so that I fear I shall hardly stand excused for reproducing it here. Nevertheless, all the plates above quoted are deficient in the richness of colour that is so peculiarly characteristic of the species, and that constitutes its chiefest ornament ; and the knowledge of the existence of so truly beautiful species can- not be too widely diffused, the more especially as this, like the rest of its genus, requires the excessive heat and damp- ness of an Orchideous house in a less degree than many other kinds.
It is one of those plants which flourish so remarkably in the hothouse at Wentworth, with no greater dampness and heat than can be endured by human beings without incon- venience.
* See folio 1406.
The specimen selected for representation in this place is a small one, with its colours remarkably rich and well deve- loped ; it is figured in the Botanical Cabinet with four flowers in a cluster, and I have seen it with six. In such a state, and with several stems, each laden with flowers in a similar manner, there is certainly no plant of which I have any knowledge that can be said to stand forth with an equal radiance of splendour and beauty. For it is not merely the large size of the flowers, and the deep rich crimson of one petal contrasted with the delicate lilac of the others that con- stitute the loveliness of this plant, it owes its beauty in almost an equal degree to the transparency of its texture, and the exquisite clearness of its colours, and the graceful manner in which its broad flag-like petals wave and inter- mingle when they are stirred by the air, or hang half droop- ing half erect when at rest and motionless.
The drawing was made in the garden of the Horticultural Society in October last.
/d (?C.
y. ^c(^fu^ /6^^«c<»,x4J.i^ XiAi^J. /fso.
1860
* CRATiEGUS Crus Galli, var. ovalifolia.
Oval-leaved Cockspur Thorn.
TCOSANDRIA DI-PEliTAGYNlA.
Nat. ord. Rosacea, § Pomaces. CRATjEGUS.-Supnl, vol. 13. fol. 1128.
C crus-galli; foliis obovato-cuneiformibus nitidis glabris tard^ deciduis, spinis
longissimis validls, pedicellis glabris, fructibus pyriformibus 3-pyrenis. C. crus-galli. Linn. Sp.pl. 632. DC. prodr. 2. 626. Mespilus Crus Galli. Poir. diet. 4. 441. C. lucida. Wangenh. am. t. 17. y. 42.
Mespilus lucida. Ehrh. Dum. Cours. Bot. cult. ed. 2. v. 5. p. 448. ? M. nana. Dum. Cours. Suppl. 386. M. linearis. Desf. arb. 2. 156.
var. ovalifolia, foliis latioribus, minus cuneatis, longiiis petiolatis, minus lucidis. C. crus-galli ovalifolia. Loud. Arbor. Britt. t. xxxi. c. e. C. ovalifolia. Hornem. hart. kafn. suppl. 52. DC. prodr. 2. 627,
The Cockspur Thorn is a hardy small tree, found wild in North America, in woods and hedges and on the banks of rivers, from Canada to Carolina. Its name is derived from the length of its powerful curved spines.
Two varieties are common in our gardens, the broad- leaved and the Pyracantha leaved, both which have remark- ably smooth shining leaves, and rather a dense mode of branching. This, which is less known to the Nurserymen, has more oval and less shining leaves, and a more open head.
It has been described as a distinct species, but I think Mr. Loudon right in looking upon it as a mere variety of C. crus-
* See folio 1161.
gallL Sometimes it passes in the nurseries under the name of C. pemisylvanica.
A particularly handsome tree, in even this handsome genus. No trace of the variety has been remarked in a wild state, and it is not improbable that it is altogether of a garden origin.
^- ^-.i<^ia-t<-^44 '
1861
* MORMODES atropurpiirea.
Dark-purple Mormodes.
GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.
Nat. ord. Orchidace^, § Vande^.
MORMODES. Lindl. Sepalum superius subfornicatum, angustum ; latercdia conformia reflexa. Petala latiora, conformia, erecta. Labellum sel- leeforme, ascendens, trilobatum, subcuneatum, apiculatum, cum columna articula- tum. Columna semiteres, mutica ; gynizus longus angustus ; clinandrium postice acuminatum. Pollinia 4, per paria connata, caudlculse crassse affixa, glandulffi carnosae crassae adhsErenti. — Habitus Cataseti. Lindl. Nat. Syst. of Botany, ed. 2. p. 446.
Mormodes atropurpurea.
Pseudobulbi caulescentes, Cataseti fade, polyphylli, oblongi, hasibus folioruni distantibus vaginantibus imbricati. Folia plicata (Cataseti), 3-5- costati, erecti, apice recurvi. Racemus lateralis, densus, ohlongus, pedun- culatus, pseudobulbo altior. Flores atropurpurei. Sepala lineari-oblonga (Bqualia, reflexa, basibus lateralium paulo obliquis et ungui labelli adnatis. Petala ovata, erecta, supra columnam conniventia. Labellum replicatum, retrorsum arcuatum, circumscriptione cuneatum, leviter unguiculatum, trilo- bum, lateribus defiexis venosis, loho intermedio magis carnoso, cuspidato, sub- trilobo. Columna compressa, rostrato-acuminata, cum labello continua, erecta, mutica, anthera postice rostratd, gynizo oblongo. Pollinia 4, per paria connata, caudiculce subcucullatce adnata, glanduld concavd crassd.
Sent to me in December last from the garden of John Willmore, Esq. of Oldford near Birmingham, with whom it then flowered for the first time. It had been imported from the Spanish Main in 1834. It is a new genus, differing from Catasetum and Myanthus in the want of cirrhi upon the column, and from Monachanthus in its lip (fig. 1.) being membranous and curved upwards, with the sides turned down-
* From iiopfxij a frightful-looking object, a goblin, in allusion to the strange, appearance of the flowers.
wards, like the sides of a saddle, instead of being fleshy and helmet-shaped.
The leaves are pale green ; the flowers one uniform rich purple.
A tender stove plant, requiring the same treatment as Catasetum, Cycnoches, &c. With reference to Orchideous plants, with this habit, it may in general be observed, that they require to be kept cool and dry when not in a growing state, to be forced gently into growth, and when in the full vigour of their vegetation to have a copious supply of mois- ture. They will at that season even introduce their roots into water, if they are allowed, and flourish the more under such treatment.
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JfU^ Wia^^^. dd^. ^^-iy j:M<^ay /^^^ ^.ccaMUf J^c^^.f. /d56.
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1862
* KENNEDYA? macrophylla.
Large-leaved Kennedya.
DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
Nat. ord. Leguminos^e or Fabace^. KENNEDYA.— Supn), vol. W.fol. 944.
§ 2. Foliis 3-foliolatis, carind vexillo et alis breviore.
K. macrophylla ; foliolis 3 ovato-oblongis retusis mucronulatis petioli longitu- dine, stlpulis setaceis petiolulis sequalibus, racemis multlfloris foliorum lon- gitudine.
A beautiful greenhouse twining shrub, introduced by Sir James Stirling from Swan River in New Holland. It was raised in the garden of Robert Mangles, Esq. at Sunning Hill, from whence specimens were received in the course of last summer.
It is in many respects so much like K. Comptoniana as to render it doubtful whether it is more than a variety of that species. It appeared, however, to differ in being altogether a more vigorous plant; its leaf-stalks were as long as the leaflets and not shorter ; the reticulations of its leaves were more coarse ; and I did not remark any tendency to produce those linear leaflets which always accompany the original K. Comptoniana.
This will be usually trained to the rafter or column of a greenhouse ; but a pretty mode of managing such plants is that, practised in the garden of Mrs. Lawrence, of twining the
_t _ — — .
* See folio 1421.
stems round and round to stakes fixed into the sides of the pot, so that the plant is compelled to grow round itself. The result of this is the collection into the compass of a bush of hundreds of clusters of flowers, which would otherwise be scattered over the roof of a greenhouse, and too far removed from the eye to enable the beautiful form and colour to be distinctly seen.
■y - ■' ■^^-^■~y ■ ij. - ^-uai(.iy ^i
1863
TRlCHOPfLIA tortilis.
Twisted-petalled Trichopilia.
GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA. Nat. Ord. OrCHIDACE^, § VANDEiE. '
TRICHOPILIA. Lindl. Sepala et petala aequalia, patentia, angusta. Labellum magnum, petaloideum, convolutum, c. columna parallelum, trilobum, lobo intermedio sub-bilobo planiusculo ; intus nudum. Columna teres, clavata. Clinandrium cucullatum, 3-lobum, villoso-fimbriatum. Anthera l-locularis, compressa, antice convexa, Pollinia 2, postice sulcata, caudicula; tenui cuneatse adhaerentia ; glandula minimi. — Pseudobulbi carnosi, vaginis maculatis super- tecti, monophylli, coriacei. Floras solitarii axillares. Lindl, Natural System of Botany, ed. 2. p. 446.
Trichopilia tortilis.
Pseudobulbi ohlongi, sulcati, compressi, vaginis fusco-maculatis arete vestiti, aliquandb folii fere longitudine. Folia solitaria, oblonga, coriacea, acuta, plana, v. leviter complicata. Flores solitarii, axillares, horizontales, sessiles. Sepala et petala cequalia, lineari-lanceolata, patentissima, spira- liter torta, margine crispatula, fusco-lutea, disco latentia. Labellum 2-poll. longum, circa colutnnam convolutum, album, maculis pluribus magnis in- cequalibus ad interius ; limbo 3-lobo intermedio subbilobo. Columna cum ovario contimia, teres, clavata, alba; clinandrio cucullato triloba; lobis ascendentibus, falcatis, ciliato-laceris. Anthera compressa, apiculata. Pol- linia 2, parva, pyriformia, postic^ sulcata, caudiculd cuneatd inserta, glan- duld minimd ovali. Gynizus excavatus, paululum oblique retrorsum versus.
A beautiful and highly curious plant, introduced from Mexico in 1835, and communicated in January last by George Barker, Esq. of Springfield near Birmingham. In many respects the genus approaches Maxillaria, but differs in the column not being reclinate upon the ovary and sub- tended by the partially united lateral sepals, in the regular
* From dpii,, Tpi-)(6c hair, and irtXtov a cap ; the anther of this genus is con- cealed below a cap surmounted with three tufts of hair.
expansion of botli sepals and petals, and especially in the singular column, (fig. 1.) terminated by three little plume- like lobes which unite at their bases into a sort of hood, that covers over a remarkably compressed anther (fig. 2.).
The white of the lip, which is very clear and pure, forms a brilliant contrast with the rich blotches of deep crimson that ornament the interior of the little funnel formed by the rolling of the lip round the column.
From the habit of this plant it may be conjectured that it will thrive in the stove, under the same treatment as Maxil- 1 arias.
/JOi
jl'[u-J r£^^tl/t^ . M^:
o-iU-in/ J.^i«!ifu^ /e^Xcc^J^ Mnc.'. / f^36.
y.^Hi^..
1864
* LYCHNIS Bungeana.
Bunges Lychnis.
DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.
Nat. Ord. SiLENACE^ (CARYOPHYLLEiE).
LYCHNIS.— Supra, vol. Q.fol. 478.
L. Bimgeana ; calyclbus clavatis pedicello bracteisque longioribus, petalis incisis,
foliis ovatis lanceolatisque pubescentibus, florlbus solitariis. Lychnis Bungeana. Fischer MSS. Agrostemma Bungeana. Don in Sweet's Fl. Garden, t. 317.
A very beautiful species, sent to England last year by Dr. Fischer of St. Petersburgh. It is not quite hardy, suf- fering both from the dryness and the coldness of the open air, but thriving well in a cool greenhouse or frame, if fully exposed to light. If the latter point is not attended to the specimens become weak, and the brilliancy of the flowers is impaired.
It strikes freely from cuttings, and will soon become com- mon enough. The accompanying drawing was made in the garden of the Horticultural Society in August last.
The species is very like a one-flowered state of L. fulgens.
* A-vyvvQ a lamp, is said to have given its name to this genus, because tlie cottony leaves of some species were employed as wicks for lamps.
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J^om././ifJ'C'.
J-. 0iiiJt;/. ^.
1865
* DENDR6bIUM macrostachyum.
Long-spiked Dendrohium.
GYNANDRIA MONANDHIA.
Nat. ord. ORCHiDACEiE, § Malaxide^. DENDROBIUM.— Supra, vol. l.fol. 548.
D. macrostachyum ; caulibus teretibus pendulis flagelliformibus, foliis ovato- lanceolatis submembranaceis, floribus ternatis racemum spurium formantibus, sepalis ovatis acutis, petalis lanceolatis sepalo supremo subaequalibus, labello cucullato venoso : limbo ovato obtuso ciliato intus pubescente. Gen. ^ Sp. Orch. 78.
A native of Ceylon, where it was discovered by the late Mr. James Macrae, who some years ago sent me dried specimens and a drawing of it. Upon the former I found a minute blanched portion that seemed still alive ; this was fastened by a nail and shred to a damp shady wall in a stove in the garden of the Horticultural Society, where it gradually recovered its green colour and began to grow. By tending it carefully, and not feeding it until it had recovered the effects of its long fast while buried between two sheets of brown paper in a dry chest, it gradually recovered and grew into a plant, the offspring of which has been distributed. From one of them, which flowered in the garden of Mr. Bateman, the accompanying drawing was prepared in June last.
The species approaches to D. Pierardi, cucullatum, and pulchellum, than all of which it is less beautiful, and it requires precisely the same treatment as those species.
* See folio 1249.
VOL. XXII. H
/S60.
1860
* MANfiTTIA cordifolia.
Heart-leaved Manettia.
TETRANDRIA MONOGyNlA. Nat.ord. ClNCHONACE^.
MANETTIA, Muds. Calycis tubus turbinatus, limbus partitus in lobos tot quot corollini aut dupli, lobulis in sinubus saepe interpositis. Corolla infun- dibuliformis, tubo tereti, fauce piloso-hirsuta, lobis 4, rarissime 5. AnthercB in fauce sessiles. Capsula ovata, compressa, calycinis lobis coronata, ab apice ad basin septicido dehiscens, raericarpiis cymbiformibus. Placentce a septo subexsertae. Semina imbricata subsessilia peltata, margine membranaceo sae pills dentato undique alata. Embryo erectus in albumine carnoso ; cotyledonibus foliaceis lanceolatis. — Yievh^ per ennes, suffruticesve. Caules et rami voliibiles, graciles. Folia, ovato-oblonga, aut subcordata. Stipulse latce, breves, acutcE, scepius cum peliolorum basi subconcretce. Pedunculi axillares uni aut mul- tiflori. DC. prodr. 4. 362.
M. cordifolia ; caule herbaceo volubili tereti scabriusculo, foliis ovatis basi cor- datis apice acutis utrinque subtiliter pubescentibus, pedunculis axillaribus 1-floris. DC. I. c.
M. cordifolia. Mart. spec, rnat, med. bras. p. 19. t. 7.
A beautiful hothouse climber, running to the length of four or five feet, and clothed with a profusion of scarlet trurnpet-shaped flowers in the month of June. It strikes freely from cuttings.
It has already been so well described by Dr. von Martins that I have nothing to add, except that I do not find the corolla hairy on the inside ; the ovules are arranged in an unusual manner, upon cylindrical placentae, which spring from near the base of the dissepiment, (fig. 1 and 2).
* So called after Xavier Manetti, a Professor of Botany at Florence, who published a work on Italian Fruit Trees in 1751.
h2
A native of hedges and copses, and the skirts of forests in Brazil, near Villarica and elsewhere in the Province of ihe Mines, where it is accounted a potent medicine in cases of dropsy and dysentery. The bark of its root is powdered, and administered in doses from J to IJ drachm; it acts as an emetic.
P^^{>y J. .^^;«^7i?^ m^^Mi^, J'-u.^-.:/. ^^rC
1867
* EPIDENDRUM armeniacum.
Apricot-coloured Epidendrum.
GYNANDRIA MONANDIUA. Nat. Ord OrCHIDACE^, § EpiDENDREiE.
EPIDENDRUM.— Suprd, vol. 1. tab. 17.
E. armeniacum ; caulibus teretibus, foliis lanceolatis coriaceis acutis subplicatis, racemis pedunculatis cylindraceis nutantibus, sepalis patulis ovatis acutis, petalis setaceis, labelli subcucuUati laclniis lateralibus rotundatis intennedia ovata acuminata : callo magno oblongo in disco.
Caules erecti, compressi, semipedales, foliis 3-4?;e distantibus in spa- tham abeuntibus vestiti. Racemus "i-A poll. Floras minuti armeniaci coloris. Bractese setacece ovario triplb breviores.
A native of Brazil, where it was found in company with Grobya Amherstige, figured at fol. 1740 of this work. It was first seen in England in flower in the year 1835, at one of those splendid exhibitions in the Garden of the Horticul- tural Society, which attest more strongly than even the country residences of our nobility and gentry, the skill and perseverance of English gardeners. There, in the midst of the dazzling scarlet or pink of various kinds of Cacti, and surrounded by the brilliant plumes of Chinese Azalea flowers, that weighed down their graceful branches, which really seemed as if they were proud of their lovely burthen, from a basket of humble moss, a little tuft of stems of this species was seen to rear its modest head, as if in hopelessness of attracting notice in so gay a company. The neatness however of its tiny flowers, the pleasing tint of its apricot-coloured petals, the ele- gant form of their slightly nodding or even drooping clusters, and the novelty of their form in so well known a genus as
* See folio 1415.
Epidendrum, arrested the curious observer, who soon found the symmetry and simple elegance of the little blossoms of Epidendrum armeniacum compensate for the absence of those more obvious beauties that adorned its gaudier rivals.
It is a stove plant, increasing readily by division of its tufted stems, like E. elongatum, and the kindred of that common species. It was imported by Messrs. Rollissons of Tooting, to whom I was indebted for a specimen in the month of June.
Fig. 1, is a profile view of the lip, with its column; Fig. 2, is the lip cut from the column, and viewed from above, with the great callus that occupies its middle; Fig. 3, represents the pollen masses, with their powdery reflexed caudicle.
/cfOd
•MuJ S/'zaAe-. s^.
^^{^y.dtu^,^ /e^^icccu^ jii^. / rd'S^.
J-.'MSOj.^
1868
* CRAXilGUS prunif61ia. Plum-leaved Thorn.
ISOCANDRIA DI-PENTAGYNIA.
Nat. ord. Rosacea, § Pome^. CRATAEGUS.— Supra, vol. 13. foL 1128.
C. prunifolia; foliis oblongis inaequaliter serratis glabriusculis, spinis medio-
cribus rectis, pedunculis villosis, fructibus oblongis dipyrenis. C. prunifolia. Bosc. in DC. prodr. 2. 627. Mespilus prunifolia. Poir. Diet. 4. 443.
Apparently a distinct species of Thorn in the way of C. crus-gaili ovalifolia, from which it is readily known by its shaggy flower-stalks, and its less pear-shaped fruits, each of which contains 2 instead of 3 stones.
Its mode of growth is very much that of the broad-leaved Crataegus Crus Galli, but it is a taller tree, with a richer green in the summer, and a deeper tint of crimson in its autumnal leaves. It does not lose its leaves till late.
Said to be a native of North America.
* Seefol. 1161.
Moc).
■ft^^^ '£)uUi^ M
■jj^inu/ f^^ :,
f.^H^e^.^ .
1869
* HYACINTHUS spicatus.
Spike-jiowered Hyacinth.
HEXANDRIA MONOGYi^lA.
Nat. ord. Liliace^.
HYACINTH US. Suprd, vol. 5. fol. 398.
H. spicatus ; coroUis campanulatis semisexfidis spicatis, staminibus membra- naceis. Smith prodr.Ji. Gr. 1.237.
Folia linearia, debilia, humifusa, 6 poll, circiter longa, Icete viridia. Scapus erectus, nudus, 2 poll, longus, spicam gerens brevem densam subova- tamS-9-Jioram. Bractese membranacece, diaphance, cuique fieri duce,inaquales, opposifcE, semisagittatce, subdentatce. Perianthium campanulatum, semisex- fidum, laciniis patentibus, apice revolutis, lacteis, per axin cceruleis. Fila- menta membranacea, 3-dentata, dente medio antherifero, inter se et cum tubo perianthii connata. Antherae atrocoerulecE sessiles in fauce tubi. Ova- rium 5M6ro^MwrfM7rt, ovulis aliquot teretibus a placenta centrali radiantibus.
Ripe seeds of this plant were gathered in April, 1826, in the island of Zante, by H. F. Talbot, Esq. and were raised in his garden at Lacock Abbey, Wilts, whence a drawing and specimen were communicated to me in February last.
* 'YafCivSoe, a name adopted from the ancient Greeks, who applied it to the flower supposed to have sprung from the blood of Hyacinthus, the favourite of Apollo, when accidentally slain. Great differences have arisen amongst commen- tators concerning the plant of the ancients, which we cannot presume to settle, but there seems no paramount authority for the present application of the name in question. — Smith. Linnaeus supposes it to have been the wild Larkspur, Sprengel the common Gladiolus or Cornjlag, Martyn and Fee the Martagon Lily, while others have endeavoured to shew that the Hyacinths of the Greeks were the same as the Vaccinia nigra of Virgil, or the bilberries of the English, the Vaccinium Myrtillus of Botanists.
Mr. Talbot considers it to be the rare and little known H. spicatus of Smith, which Dr. Sibthorp also gathered in the island of Zante, where it is said to be called BorboL As a species it is well marked by its crow^ned sessile half erect flowers, and the double membranous bracts that subtend it. These are unequal, attached as it were by one edge, and slightly toothed ; they are correctly represented at fig. 2. Fig. 1, shews the structure of the perianth when cut open.
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fc^ tUza^L. . M: £^a^ l^u J. i^SUfwttq /^V Mccun^n, WIW JiiAv:-. /. fifSd
1870
* EPIDEiNDRUM clavatum.
Cluh-stfmmed Mpidendrum.
GYNANDRIA MOJV^A'DR/.l.
Nat. ord. Orchidace^, § Epidendre^. EPIDENDRUM.—Siiprd, vol. l.fol. 17.
E. clavaUun ; caule clavato in pseudobulbum ovale desinente diphyllo, foliis lanceolatis patulis, racemo simplici subffiquali, bracteis ovatis canaliculatis acutis ovarlis inferioribus duplo brevioribus, sepalis petalisque lanceolato- linearibus cequaliter patentibus, columna clavata,, labelli tripartitl basi bical- losi lacinlis lateralibus ovatis subfalcatis margine posteriore denticukto : intermedia unguiculata lamina ovata acuminata.
Caules vetusti duri, clavati, subarticulati, erecti, in pseudobulbum ovale desinentes^vesligiis follorum vayinantium vestiti, diphylli, foliis lanceolatis, patulis, coriaceis. Pedicelli Jlorum inferiorum elongati sed non corymbosi. Ovaria Jiliformia. Sepala et petala viridia fere unciani -longa, angusta. Columna virens. Labelli lamina nivea.
Found in August, 1834, near Cumana. Communicated to this work in July, 1835, by the late Lord Grey of Groby. It is not a pretty species, but it is very distinct from any previously described, and is remarkable for its stems being dilated at the upper en.d, like some of the species of Den- drobium.
The station of the plant will be near Epidendrum concolor. It Mas procured by Mr. John Henchman for Messrs. Lowe and Co. of Clapton, by whom it was introduced along with Trichopilia tortilis and Mormodes atropurpurea.
* See fvl. 1415.
-.'. 0^<U.cU.
^lUr iy J. ■JUdfway /6ff i&Mz<My Juma. /. fir J 6 .
1871
* MAXILLARIA aromatica.
Aromatic Maxillaria.
GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.
Nat. ord. Orchidace^, ^ Vande^. MAXILLARIA.— Supra, vol. U.fol. 897.
M. aromatica ; pseudobulbis ovatis compressis, foliis pluribus oblongo-lanceo- latls plicatis scapis unifloris erectis longioribus, sepalis ovato-oblongis petalisque conformibus acutis. labelli semicyhndracei laciniis lateralibus por- rectis subulatis ; intermedia bilabiata ! labio superiore truncate nano Infe- riore spathulato apice recurvo serrulate. Gen. &; Sp. Orch.pl. p. 146.
M. aromatica. Graham in Hooker's Exot.Jl. 219.
Colax aromaticus. Spreng. cur. post. 307.
A fragrant stove plant, breathing cinnamon and sweet spices, found in Mexico, whence it was sent by Lord Napier to the Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, previous to the year 1826. The species is now not uncommon in good collections, flowering abundantly in the month of May.
The callosity of the disk of the lip of Orchideous plants, which sometimes appears in the form of lamellae, following the course of the veins, and sometimes is a thick tubercle, in the present species is a truncated plate, occupying the base of the middle segment of the lip, and looking like the half of a petal laid over the true lip. What is the real nature of this truncated plate?
* See folio I4'28.
£^{yJ.MJr.-^j'e^
1872
* CRYBE rosea. Pink-Jlowered Cry be.
GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.
Nat. ord. Orchidace^, § Arethuse^.
CR YBE, Lindl. Sepala et petala similla, lanceolata, conniventia ; late- ralibus basi obliquis. Labellum multo majus, membranaceum, cucullatum, nun- quam expansum, cum columna clavata marginata semi-connatum. Lindl. Nat. Syst. of Botany, ed. 2. p. 446.
Crybe rosea.
Pseudobulbi subrotundi, virides, leviter angulati. Folia ex apice erum- penlia, lanceolata, plicata, subterna, IcBte viridia, pedalia. Spica 3-4-Jlora, scapo laterali, basi purpureo, squamis circiter 3 distantibus vaginati. Flores penduli, ovario brevi, arcuate, bracted subulato-ovatd 3-plb longiore. Flores fere 2 pollices longi, clavati, nunquam expandentes. Sepala cBqualia, obovato- lanceolata, basi adhcBrentia^pallide viridia, apice purpureo-maculata. Petala subcequalia, subalba, purpureo tincta, membranacea. Labellum longius, ob- ovatum, acutum, atropurpureum, marginibus plicato-crispis infiexis, basi cum columna semiadnatum. Columna clavata, basi teres, ultra insertionem la- belli marginata, paulo supra labellum bidentata, apice paululum cucullata. Anthera terminalis, opercularis, polline granulari.
A native of Mexico, whence it was imported by Messrs. Loddiges, in whose stove it blossomed in June last.
This plant is remarkable for never expanding its singular club-shaped flowers, which always remain as much closed as is represented in the accompanying figure, the edges of the lip turning inwards, and forming a sort of dish at the end of the flower.
The genus is nearly allied to the North American Are- thusas, from which the adhesion of its labellum to the base of
* From tcpvTTTU) to conceal, whence Kpyfielg concealed, in allusion to the manner in which the column is hidden by the floral envelopes.
the column sufficiently distinguishes it, independently of the remarkably property of always keeping its flowers closed,
A stove plant, requiring the same management as the common Bletia verecunda, and the like.
/S^3.
LoA^y. c^. .^i^^y ^^. ■9^ii<^tuni^ /t^jj/ i'lcaut^
1873
* KERRIA japonica, Japan Kerria.
ICOSANDRIA DI-VE^TAGYKIA.
Nat. ord. RosACEiE, § SpiR^EiE,
KERRIA, DC. Calyx 5-ficlus, lobis ovatis, 3 obtusls, 2 apice calloso- mncronatis, aestivatione imbricatis. Petala 5, orbiculata. Stamina circiter 20, cum petalis e calyce exserta. Carpella 5-8 libera, glabra, stylo filiforml superata,
globosa, ovulo 1 lateraliter adhserente fceta. SufFrutex, cortice l(Bvi vires-
cente, ramis virgatis, foliis ovato-laaceolatis grosse et incsqualiter serratis penninerviis conduplicatis, stipulis lineari-subulatis, floiibus Jiavis facile plenis. Prodr. 2. 541.
Kerria Japonica. DC. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 12. 156.
Corchorus Japonicus. Thunb. fl.jap.221 . Bot. Rep. t. 5S7. Bot. Mag. t. 1296. with double flowers.
This plant, in the state when it bears double flowers, is one of the commonest shrubs in our gardens. It was Supposed to be a species of Corchorus until Professor De CandoUe investigated its affinities, and decided that it was to Rubus and Spiraea that the plant was really allied, and not to any Tiliaceous genus.
The correctness of this opinion has been fully proved by the single-flowered plant, now represented, for wliicli the country is indebted to John Reeves, Esq. It was imported by him two or three years back, and now exists in several collections. The accompanying figure was made last Sep- tember in the garden of the Horticulturtd Society.
* Named in compliment to IVIr. William Ker, a botanical collector sent from Kew to China.
VOL. XXII. I
It did not produce any fruit, but the carpels remained a long while upon the flower-stalk before they fell off. It is probable that its nearest affinity will be found to be with Neillia.
.a^
<'--^ ^. ^^.^au/tu/ /f^Mcca<.^ik^ Jci^-7. /tfS^
1874
CRATAEGUS platyphylla.
Broad-leaved Thorn.
ICOSANDRIA DI-PENTAGYNIA.
Nat. ord. Rosacea, § Pomf,^. CRATMGUS.— Supra, vol. \3. fol. 1128.
C. platyphylla ; foliis pinnatifidis basi truncatis cuneatisque lacinils apice serratis subtus ramulisque pubescentlbus, stipulis semicordatis dentatis integrisque, cymis villosis, pomis oblongis nigris pubescentibus tripyrenis, laciniis calycis erectis integris.
C. platyphylla. Supra, fol. 1128. in textu.
C. fissa. Hort. nee Boscii.
Certainly in foliage and elegance of general appearance this is the handsomest of the European Hawthorns. It grows like an exceedingly vigorous Oxyacantha, spreading its grace- fully bending arms on all sides ; its leaves are a deep rich green, it is loaded with large masses of snow-white blossoms long after the common hawthorn is flowerless, and it retains its vigour till late in the autumn, so that the rich colour of its blackish purple fruit is not impaired in effect by the fading tints of the foliage.
That this is some European or North-Asiatic plant, can- not well be doubted, and yet it is not to be traced in books, unless it is the Cr. melanocarpa of Bieberstein ; but that
* See folio llGl.
I 2
plant, whicli is a native of the Crimea, is described as having trifid leaves, reflexed calycine segments, and five stones in each haw. I therefore presume that it must be different from this which has only three stones.
The drawing was made last October in the garden of the Horticultural Society.
/dys.
JfLf^ 3)104^. ak^
J':'9VaJtf.^.
1875
* BIFRENARIA auiantiaca. Orange-coloured Bifrenaria.
GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.
Nat. ord. Orchidace^, § Vande^.
BIFRENARIA, Lindl. Sepala patula, libera, subaqualia ; lateralia cum basi producta columnae connata vix basi obliqua, Petala scpalis duplo minora. Labellum cum pede mucronato columnse articulatum, cucuUatum, tri- lobum, medio callosum. Columna brevis, semiteres, mutica. Anthera mutica, subcristata. Pollinia 4, per paria incumbentia, caudiculis duabus distinctis
materiel viscidae rostelli adhaerentibus, glandula (oblonga). Epiphytapsewrfo-
bulbosa, Maxillarice (Colacis} habitu. Ge?i. et Sp. Orch. 152.
B. aurantiaca ; pseudobulbis subrotundis compressls dlphyllis, foliis oblongis plicatis racemi erecti longitudine, petalis erectis, labelli lobis lateralibus semi- cordatis intermedio transverso ovali subundulato basi bicalloso, columna pubescente.
Perianthium bilahiatum. Petala obovata, rotundata, crenata, erecta, cum sepalo supremo oblongo acuto labium supremum formantia. Sepala lateralia ovata, obtusa, supra pubescentia, patentia, basi obliqica, supremo duplo latiora, Labellum cum columricB pede producto articulatum, tmguicu- latu7n ; unguis cuneatus, carnosissimus, limbi longitudine, callo transverso truncato ad apiceni ubi in limbum abit ; limbus tripartitus lacinid intermedia transversd apiculatd indivisd subundulatd, lateralibus erectis semicordatis, obtusis utrdque Jiexurd elevatd baseos callum mentiente. Columna semiteres, pubescens, clinandrii dorso acuminato. i^nthera triangularis : angulis pilosis, lateralibus productioribus. Pollinia 2, biloba, caudiculis totidem glandulae communi adhaerentibus.
A pretty epiphyte, native of Demerara. For the oppor- tunity of publishing it I am indebted to his Grace the Duke of Devonshire, in whose hot-house at Chiswick it flowered in October, 1835.
* So named in allusion to the double strap or frsenum that connects the pollen masses with their gland.
The colours of the flowers being deep orange-yellow, mottled with deep brown spots, the aspect of this species is rather handsome. Fig. 1. represents the appearance of tlie lip separated from the column, and especially of the double callus at the base of its middle lobe. Fig. 2. shews the face of the column with the bases of the sepals and petals. Fig. 3. is a view of the double strap, connecting the pollen masses to the gland. Fig. 4. shews the anther removed from the column, and viewed in front.
y'u^-ly J. iifiuiiftA'a^ /ffj i'i^u.Mu/u^ „' , ^
1876
*imS alata. Small-winged Iris.
TRIANDRIA MO^OGYNIA.
Nat. ord. IniDACEiE. fRIS.—Suprd, vol. 3. fol. 246.
1. alata ; imbetbis, acaulis, foliis ensiformibus, corollce tubo longissimo laciniis interioribus minimis, styli laciniis obtusis undulatis lacinias exteiiores a;quan- tibus. Dietr. Sp. pi. 2. 436.
I. alata. Poir. iter. 2. 86. Bivonapl. sic. cent. I. p. 44.
I. scorpioides. Desf.fl. atl. I. p. 40. t. 6.
I. microptera. Vahl. enum. 2. 142.
I. transtagana. Brot.fi. lusit. p. 52.
Juno scorpioides. Trattin. tabul. no. 652.
Iris bulbosa latifolia 1. Chis. hist, plant, rar. p. 210.
VoWa. i)laniuscula, carinata, lorata, acuminata, nulla modo equitantia, pedem et ultra longa, jjagind superiore lucidd tactu molli, inferiore opacd, margine minutissimc cartilagineo-scrrulata. Flos e sinu foUorimi solitarius, Usque mullo brevior, e spathis duabus magnis membranaceis subJierbaceis erumpens ; ovario hyjiogeeo, basibus foliorum, Croci modo, tecto. Tubus floris 6-poll. longus, et ultra, apice Icetissime purpureus ; laciniae calycinae oblongo-spatulatcE, margine crenato-iindulatce, ascendentes, recurvcE, glaber- rimcB, lined elevatd disci intense luted, cceterum ayncene purpureo-violacecB maculate ; laciniae corollinsD spathulatce, basi valdc angustatce, limbo coch- leato crispato, calycinis triplh breviores, rectcB, divaricatce. Stamina calycinis opposita. Stigmata apice biloba, laciniis dimidialis, acuminatis, laceris. Odor fiorum gratus inter hyacinthinum et sambucinum.
Found by Desfontaines in moist places near Algiers, flowering in the winter. According to Bivona, a native of sterile meadows and rocks in Sicily ; Clusius speaks of it as a common })lant in Portugal and Spain at the foot of hills,
* See folio 14Q4.~
especially about Antequcra and Cordova, flowering in January and February.
It produces its blossoms in this country a little later; my specimens were obligingly communicated by the Honour- able W. F. Strangways, from the garden of the Dowager Countess of Ilchester, at Aljbotsbury in Dorsetshire, where the plant was growing in a terrace border, with no more pro- tection than a mat-screen would afford. Its flowers have a pleasant smell, between that of the Hyacinth and the Elder.
^iJ/- Vy J. a'da^JrtlU /SO ^MCUiuty ^ajy
1877
* CRATAEGUS pyrilblia. Pear-leaved Thorn.
ICOSANDRIA DI-PENTAGYNIA.
Nat. ord. Rosace.^, § PoMEiE. CRATMGUS.—Suprd, vol. 13. foL 1128.
C pyrifolia; foliis ovato-ellipticis inciso-serratis plicatis pedunculis juniorum ramulisque hirsutis, calycibus hlrsutis lacinlis glanduloso-serratis, fructibus glabris pendulis pyriformibus 3-pyreiiis lacinlis calycinis reflexis.
C. pyrifolia. Hort. Kew. 2. 168. Be Cand. Prodr. 2. 627. Loudons arbor, britann. t. xxxi. B. b.
One of the largest leaved species of this genus, with a good deal of beauty in the spring, when the leaves are green and the branches loaded with flowers, but less valuable as an ornament of autumn scenery, because although the tints of the orange-coloured fruit and of the foliage are pleasing, yet the tree has an open inelegant head, and the leaves drop off while the fruit remains behind adhering to the branches.
It is immediately known from all the remainder of the species by the strong plaits, which give the leaves something the appearance of being furrowed from the midrib towards the margin, A native of rocky woods in North America, from Pennsylvania to Carolina, flowering in June. The drawing was made in the garden of the Horticultural Society.
# See folio 1161.
/^/^.
i,t/ J tlu/^j^ /ff^^icca^^ J?z^./. f(f3&-
.-- <^fa^tr.Jlo.
1878
* SCILLA Cupaniaiia.
Cupanis Squill.
HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Nat. ord. Liliace^, § Scille^. SCILLA.— Supra, vol. 16. fol. 1355.
S. Ciqmniana ; foliis lanceolatis planis brevissime densissimeque ciliatis, coiymbo paucifloro, capsulls rostratls. Romer et Schult. Sp.pl. 7. 559.
S. Cupaiiiana. Gusson. prodr.Jl. Sic. I. 416.
S. fistulosd. Rajincsque.
Ornithogaluni coeruleum. Rafinesq. Caratt. 85.
Hyacinthus stellatus coeruleus umbellatus latifolius. Cupani pamph. sic. vol. 1 . t.20.
Communicated by Henry Fox Talbot, Esq. from the garden at Lacock Abbey. The bulbs were sent by the Hon. William Strangways from Sicily, where they are found wild near Villafrata, Ogliastro, and Castrogiovanni.
A hardy bulb, of great rarity in this country, flowering in June. Its bright blue pistil contrasts in a remarkable manner with the dull purple of the remainder of the flower. It is very near the Scilla, erroneously called peruviana, which is also a Sicilian plant, but is altogether much smaller. 1 find the leaves edged with a broken cartilaginous margin, rather than ciliated as Gussone is represented to describe them.
* Scclolio 1355.
'^rf-/tfc.,a^
■'ityC'ify .y. <:'Uiurwa^/ /f^ ,ytcccuzui<^ ^nitf . /■ /^S^.
v>^'^<
1879
*EPIDENDRUM bifidum.
Hare- lipped Epidendrum .
GYNANDRIA MON ANURIA.
Nat. ord. Orchidaces, § Epidendre^. EPIDENDRUM.— Snpr a, vol. \.fol. 17.
E, hifidum ; foliis in pseudobulbos subternis lanceolatis, scapo ramoso folils multo longiore, sepalis oblongis acutis petalisque lanceolatis patentibus, la- belli cuneati lobis lateralibus ovatis : intermedio inaxiino apice dilatato sub- reniformi sulcatobasi in disco biappendiculato (a columna fere libero). Gen. et Sp. Orch.pl. 100.
Helleborine florc papilionaceo. Plum. sp.9. ic. 186, y. 1.
Epidendrum bifidum. Aubl. guian. p. 824. Sivartz Fl. Ind. Occ 3. 1489. Willd. Sp.pl. no. 3. Redout. Liliac. 84.
E. papilionaceum. West. St. Cruc. p. 230. sec. Willd.
In this state E. bifidum appeared when, in July, 1835, a specimen was communicated to me by Messrs. Loddiges. It was then very pretty, on account of the beautiful veining of its lip ; but it cannot have been any thing like so handsome as Swartz describes it to be, with all the divisions of the flower bright purple, and a flowering stem three feet high and branching.
It is a very remarkable and distinct species, with a pecu- liar slit lip, by which it is readily known from all, except E. auropurpureum, a kind that appears to be very nearly related to it.
\i is described as found upon branches of trees in the West India islands, especially St. Christophers, St. Bartho- lomews, and Santa Cruz. The Messrs. Loddiges had it from Tortola ; Aublet found it in Cayenne.
* See folio 1415.
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1880
* GODETIA vinosa.
Wine-stained Godetia.
OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Nat. ord. Onagrace^. GODETIA.— Supra, vol. 12. fol. 1849.
G. vinosa ; erecta, foliis lineari-oblongis subdentatis glabris, petalis subrotundo- cuneatis undulatis imitiaculatis, staminibus alternis minoribus, antheris phce- nicejs apice luteis cassis, stigmatibus pallidis, calycis tubo laciniis triplo breviore, seminibus atrofuscis unicoloribus.
^wwwa, G. rublcundae valdt ajffinis ; sequentihus tamen nofis diversa videtur. Petala pallida sunt, et paululum minora, colore vinoso levissime suffusa. Tubus calycis vix partetn tertiam limbi cequat, in G. ruhictinda dimidiam. Apex cassus antherarum brevior est quavi in G. ruhicunda. Semina atrofusca sunt et minora, nee cinereo fuscoque nebulosa. Demum planta tota habitu graciliori gaudet.
The last of the new Californian Godetias introduced by the Horticultural Society. It is in technical characters much like G. ruhicunda, but is a very dift'erent looking plant. They may be distinguished thus :
G. ruhicunda.
Calyx with its tube half as long as the limb, or more.
Petals a uniform purple, with an orange-red eye.
Anthers orange-red, the empty end bright yellow.
Seeds clouded with ash coloured and brown.
G. vinosa.
Calyx with its tube not more than one-third the length of the limb.
Petals nearly white, with a slight dash of purple.
Anthers deep crimson, the empty end nearly white.
Seeds a uniform dark brown, and much smaller.
It is a hardy annual, flowering in July and August.
See folio 1849.
NOTE.
Mr. Spacli has published, in the Nouvelles Annales du Museum, Vol. 4. what he no doubt considers an answer to some of the criticisms that his perform- ances among Onagraceae have called forth. As a specimen of his style of con- ductlno- an argument let the reader take the following. He complains that his genus Boisduvalla is stated by me not to have a fringed chalaza, as if he had said that it had one, and he denies that he ever did state this, (Boisduvaliarum semina fimbriata esse nuUibi diximus.) Now it is true that in the character of Boisduvalia this is not mentioned, but on the other hand the main character of the subsection Dermospermae, in which that genus is stationed, depends upon " semina ad chalazam margine membranaceo aucta." I was not before aware that Mr, Spach did not consider it necessary for his genera (!) to agree in cha- racter with the sections under which they arc stationed.
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1881
*EPIDENDRUM Skinneri. Mr. Skinner s Epidendrum.
GYNANDRIA MONAlSlDRIA.
Nat. ord. Orchidace^, § Epidendre^. EPIDENDRUM.— Supril, vol. l.fol. 17.
E. Skinnei-i ; foliis distichis lanceolatis acuminatis, caule aplce longe aphyllo squamoso, racemo cylindraceo multifloro, floribus cernuls, sepalis lineari- lanceolatis, petalis ovalibus acutis, labello ovato acurninato integerrimo basi callo sulcato cristato.
E. Skinneri. Batemans MSS.
Caulis erectus, teres, distiche foliosus, apice aphyllus vaginatus. Folia 5 poll, longa. Bracteae lineari-lanceolatce, jjedicellis capillaribus paulh bre- vioribus. Flores pallide purpurei, 1 \ poll. lati. Labellum cum columnd semiconnatum, concavum, basi luteum, cuniculatum.
For this beautiful species of Epidendrum I am obliged to James Bateman, Esq. jun. in whose hot-house at Kny- persley it flowered last January. He states, " that it was sent to him in the summer of 1835, from the neighbourhood of Guatemala, by his most excellent friend G. U. Skinner, Esq., to whose enthusiasm in the cause of science he is already indebted for many new and interesting plants. Ep. Skinneri is among the most free-flowering of its tribe ; every one of its shoots, both great and small, having been invariably succeeded by a spike of flowers."
The perfect state of the specimens, so short a time after the importation of the species, attests the skill of Mr. P. N.
* See fol. 1415. VOL. XXII. K
Don, Mr. Bateman's gardener, in the management of these curious plants.
The species is in the way of E. elo7igatum, and I presume requires the same management as that plant. I have also received it from Messrs. Loddiges.
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18H2
* APTOSIMUM depiessum.
Depressed Ap tosimum .
DIDYNAMIA A'NGIOSPERMIA. Nat. ord. ScROPiiULARrACE.E.
APTOSIMUM, Burchell. — Calyx cainpanulatus , semi 5-Jidus, basi bibracteatus. Corolla tuho basi contracto, extra calycem amplo, limbo 5-Jido, subbilabiato, laclniis rotundatis planis subcEqualibus. Stamina didynama, declinata. Antherae extnsvillosce, subbiloculares, loculis confluentibus,rimd unicd transversali dehiscentibus, staminum superiorum minoribus, scape cassis. Stylus simplex, stigmate brevissime bilobo. Capsula brevis, basi subglobosa, apice compressa, obcordata, dissepimento contrario, apice breviter loculicidc et septicide dehiscens. — Suffrutices rigidi saepius prostrati, vel densissime caespitosi. Flores axillares sessiles. Bentham MSS.
A. depressum (Burch. Trav. 1. 260.) ramis glabris vel breviter lanuginosis, foliis confertissimis petiolatis obovatis glabris corolla multo brevioribus, calycibus extus glabriusculis iiitus lanatls capsulas emarginatas vix superan- tibus. Bentham MSS.
Ruellia depressa. Thufib.?
Ohlendorffia procumbens. Lehm. Index Sem. pi. Eckl.
Caulis fruticosus, terrce appressus, in supina parte densissime ramu- losus, ac foliis spathulatis, petiolatis, maxime conferlis tectus. Folia 3-4 lineas longa, baud opposita sed spirata, crassiuscula, obtusissima, brcvi-mu- cronata, glabra. Calyces in inferiori parte ramulorum, brevi-pedicellati, axillares, longitudine foliorum, chartacei, pallidi, ad 3 bijidi, extus Iceves, glabri, nilidi, laciniis acuminatis patentibus intus dense albo totnentosis. Bracteolae duce, breves, lineares, pubescentes ad basin calycis. Corolla 8 lineas longa, extus pubescens, ccerulea, tubo brevi angusto, limbo infundi- buliformi brevi spatio qidnquejido, laciniis cequalibus patentibus brevibus. Stamina inclusa ; filamenta glabra ; antherae ante dehisccntiam cordatce.
* From a privative ; and Trrojaipoc deciduous, because of tlie capsules which remain on the stem long after the seeds have fallen out. — Burchell.
K 2
subrotundcB, dein transversa, subrotundo-ovales, (ransversim pauloque infe- rivs dehiscentes, labio superiori recto verticali, inferiori undulato quadriloho ciliato. Vertex lanugine alba cinctus. Staminum breviorum anthercE con- formes et dimidio duplove minores. Stylus longitudine staminvm, glaber, apice incurvvs. Stigma verticaliter bilobum. Capsula calyce tunc com- presso rigiduloque transversa, apicc truncata et subretusa, longitudinaliter rugoso-venosa, inferius crassior rigidiorque, nigrescens. Semina inferioH parte receplaculi conferta, subtrigonn, obtusa, punctato-aspera nigra. Funiculus in strophiolam brevem cyathiformam trilobam abit. Albumen tenue, carnosum. Embryo axilis, rectus ; radicula subcylindrica ; cotyle- donibus ovatis. — Vix dubium est, quin Thunbergius sub Ruellice depresscB nomine hanc speciem intellcxerit, scil. calycibus solii nee corollis repertis nee multum, uti scepe illi accidit, inquirens, fiores minutos dixit in descrip- tione. LinncBUS corollce non meminit. — Lehm. in litt.
A native of the Cape of Good Hope, whence its seeds were brought to Europe by Mr. Ecklon, the celebrated bota- nical collector, and communicated to Dr. Lehmann of Ham- burgh, under whose care it was raised. To that gentleman I am indebted for the accompanying drawing and descrip- tion. It is altogether contrary to my practice to publish accounts of plants that have hitherto only been in foreign gardens ; but the beauty of this species, the evident fidelity of the drawing, the specimen that accompanied it, and the vicinity of Hamburgh to our own shores, have induced me to deviate from the rule ; without however intending that this should be at all drawn into a precedent.
The species is a greenhouse undershrub ; it was found by Ecklon in the Karroo, near Hermanskraal, on the Great Fish River, flowering from October to December : Burchell met with it on the Roggeveld; and Drege on the Sneeuw and Rhinoster mountains and Zwartruggers. To Mr. Bentham I am indebted for the following observations upon the genus and some of its affinities.
Tlie genus Aptosimum was considered by Mr. Burchell as allied to Capraria, that is, to the Cape species now formr ing the genus Freylinia ; but the declinate stamina and the conformation of the anthers are very different from that of
any Gratioleas, and as well as the form of the coroHa, appear to me to assimilate the plant much more to some of the Salpiglossidea3, and especially to the Salpiglossis prostrata. Hook, et Arn. and some other species from the West Coast of America; which probably form a new genus. Like other Salpiglossidese it comes near the capsular Solaneae, and the corolla is very nearly that of Fabiana.
The following are the characters of the species I am acquainted with of Aptosimum, and of another genus also from the Cape, which is closely allied to it and belongs likewise to the tribe of Salpiglossideae.
APTOSIMUM.
* Folia petiolala, detrita non spinosa. Calycis lacinice intus tomentosce.
A. eriocephalum (E. Meyer.) ramis prostratis longe lanatis, foliis longe petiolatis ovatis glabris, calycibus lanatis laciniis intus pubescentibus, capsulis vix emarginatis. On the Gariep, Drege.
2. A. depressum (Burch. supra).
3. A. indlvisu7n (Burch. Trav. I. 219.) ramis brevissimis, foliis dense CEespitosis oblongo-spathulatis glabris corollas sequantibus, calycis laciniis intus lanatis. — Carroo desert, Drege. Cape Flats, Ecklon.
Ohlendorffia rosulata. Nees ab Esenbcek.
** Folia subsessilia nervo medio valido persistente apice demurn spine' scente. Calycis lacinice intus glabree.
4. A. viscosum herbaceum ? foliis late oblongo-spathulatis viscoso-pube- scentibus nervo medio infra apicem spinescente flores ter superantibus. Rocks near the Gariep, Drege.
5. A. tragacanthoides (E. Meyer) suffruticosum, foliis anguste oblongis spathulatis glabris flores vix superantibus nervo medio infra apicem spinescente. Rocks on the Kunkunnuroab, Drege.
6. A. abietinum (Burch. Trav. 1. 308.) suffruticosum, foliis linearibus glabris flore brevioribus nervo medio excurrente spinoso. On the Sunday River and in the vallies of the Kooper hills, Drdge. /3. elongata on the Gariep.
PELIOSTOMUM.
Calyx 5-partitus. Corolla et genitalia y^/j/osm^ Capsula ovato-oblonga acuta apice subcompressa sulcata valvulis loculicide dehiscentibus a:pticide bifidis bipartitisve. Semhia numcrosa minuta. — Herbse sufFruticesve rigidae saepe viscosae. Folia omnia alterna integerrima. Flores axillares vel racemosl breviter pedicellati vel sessiles pedicellis ssepe bracteatis. Corolla: forma fere Fabiance.
1. p. scoparium (E. Mey.) herbaceum rigidum ramosissimum viscosum, foliis parvis paucis oblongo-linearibus, laciniis calycinis oblongis viscosp-villosis capsulam aequantibus, corollas tubi parte attenuata calyce breviore. Rocks on the Gariep, Drege.
2. P. leucorrhizum (E. Mey.) herbaceum rigidum ramosissimum glabrum, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis linearibusve, laciniis calycinis apice subulatis capsula brevioribus, coroUae tubi parte attenuata calyce subduplo longiore. On the Gariep, Drege.
3. P. viscosum (E. Mey.) herbaceum rigidum divaricato-ramosum vis- coso-pubescens, foliis obovatis oblongisve, laciniis calycinis linearibus obtusis capsula dimidio brevioribus, corollse tubi parte attenuata calyce subduplo longiore. Rocks on the Gariep, Drege.
4. P. virgatum (E. Mey.) sufFruticosum ramis rigidis virgatis viscosis, foliis inferioribus obovatis superioribus sessilibus parvis subrotundis omnibus subcarnosis leviter viscosis, laciniis calycinis obovatis oblongisve capsula dimi- dio brevioribus, corolla tubi parte attenuata calyce parum longiore. Namaqua country. Ecklon, Drege.
5. P. origanoides (E. Mey.) sufFruticosum glabrum, ramis brevibus tor- tuoso-prostratis, foliis^ ovatis obovatisve, calycis laciniis linearibus acutiusculis capsula obtusa vix brevioribus, coroUae tubi parte attenuata vix exserta. Nieuwe- weld and Sneeuwbergen, Drege.
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1883
*TR1F6LIUM fucatum.
Farded Clover.
DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
Nat. ord. Leguminos^ or pABACEiE. TRIFOLIUM.—Suprd, vol. 13. fol. 1070.
T.fucahini; folioHs subrotundis spinoso-denticulatis crassiusculis, stipulis maxi- mis membranaceis integerrimis cuspidatis, pedunculis foliis aequalibus loiigi- oribusque, capitulis hemisphericis involucratis, foliolis involucri basi connatis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis margine membranaceis floribus brevioribus.
Radix aK«M«, CanAes suberecti,paruin ramosi, rubescentes, internodiis scepe in spontanea stipulis tantum cBqualibus. Petioli stipulis nunc duplb quadruplo longiores. Stipulae magncc, membranacece, scepe rotundatce et cuspidatcB, nunc acuminatce. Capitula 1-2 uncias lata, depressa. Involucri foliola herbacea, margine pallidiora, cyathum formantia floribus breviorem. Flores disci ochroleuci, radii rubescentes. Calyx minimus, membranaceus , campanulatus, dentibus quinque aristatis. Vexlllum circa carinam et alas convolutum, emarginatum, demum inflatum. Ovarium stipitatum, 7-8-sper- mum.
A pretty annual clover, the seeds of which were collected for the Horticultural Society in California, by Mr, Douglas. It flowered for the first time in June, 1835, but ripened no seeds, and was afterwards lost. From the wild specimens in my herbarium, it appears to grow in a black peaty soil, pro- bably the damp vegetable matter found in woods.
This new species belongs to the curious set of clovers whose bracts collect into an involucre like those of an um- belliferous plant ; among them it is by far the most showy, with its cream-coloured flowers just blushing where the sun strikes them.
* See folio 1408.
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1884
* CRATAEGUS tanacetifolia.
Tansy-leaved Hawthorn.
ICOSANDllIA DI-PENTAGYNIA.
Nat. ord. Rosacea, § Pome^. CRATMGUS.-Supra, vol. 13. fol. 112«.
C. tanacetifolia ; foliis pinnatifidis glanduloso-serratis pubescentibus basi cu- neatis laciniis linearibus, bracteis foliaceis glandulosls pectinatis sub fructu persistentibus, fructibus solitariis sessilibus depresso-sphaericis pubescenti- bus, putamine crassissimo.
C. tanacetifolia. Pers. synops. 2. 38. De Cand. Prodr. 2. 629. Loudon Arhor. Britami. t. 117, b.
Mespilus tanacetifolia. Smith Exot. Bot. t. 85.
M. orientalis, tanaceti folio villoso, magno fructu pentagono e viridi flavescente. Tourn. corolL 44. Voyage v. 2. 171. t. 172.
Folia pubescentia, virescentia, parum canescentia, dentibus argutis apice glanduligeris, nunquam calva ; stipulis semi-sagittatis serratis. Flores corymbosi subsessiles. Fructus solitarii, sessiles, lutei, depressi, sub-penta- goni, bracteis quibusdam foliaceis glanduloso-pectinatis persistentibus suf- fulti, pyrenis 5 osseis, putamine crassissimo.
This is obviously known from Cr. odoratissima and orien- talis both by its yellow solitary sessile fruit, to which a small number of leafy bracts adhere irregularly, but also by its regularly pinnatifid leaves, the fine toothings of which are all tipped with a gland. Like those species this is hardy and very handsome ; it is multiplied by grafting on the common hedge Hawthorn.
Sir James Smith has the following observations upon it in Rees's Cyclopaedia. " Native of all the higher mountains of Greece. A very desirable shrub for plantations, on ac-
* See fol. 1161,
count of its highly-scented corymbose flowers, and yellow fruit, which resembles a small apple, and has the scent of one. By culture and grafting, it promises to become an acquisition to our tables. From the description in Diosco- rides of his ixeairiKov, ' a spinous tree, with leaves like hawthorn, fruit like a little apple, sweet, with three hard seeds,' this should seem, as the number of seeds varies, to be the very plant; while his ixeairiXov erepou, from Italy, ' a tree like an apple tree, but with smaller leaves, and a round eatable fruit, with a broad depression, slightly astrin- gent, and long in ripening,' can only be our common garden Mespilus germanica. Tournefort did not observe the thorns of the Cr. tanacetifolia, but he describes the eagerness with which his Armenian companions collected and ate the fruit, and he mentions the trees as of the size of oaks.''
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1885
* CRAT^GUS odoratissima.
Sivee test-scented Hawthorn.
ICOSANDRIA Bl-FENTAGYNIA.
Nat. ord. Rosaceje, § Pome^.v CRATAEGUS.— Supra, vol. 13. fol. 1128.
C. odoratissima ; foliis trifidis pinnatlfidisque inciso-serratis basi cuneatis in- cano-tomentosis, fructibus 5-pyrenis sphasricis pubescentibus, putamine tenui.
C. orientalls. Bieberst. Fl. Taur. cauc. 1 . 387.
C. odoratissima. Bot. Repos. t. 590. Loudon Arboret. Brit. t.Wl a.
C. tanacetifolia /3 taurica. De Cand. Prodr. 2. 629.
Folia incano-tomentosa, demum viridiora, nunquam calva ; stipulis fal- catis integris. Pedunculi tomentosi. Fructus lateritii, pubescentes, subpen- tagoni, pyrenis 5 osseis, putamine crassitudine solitd.
A common bush on the hills adjoining the Black Sea, and elsewhere in the Crimea. It is described by Bieberstein as growing to the size of the common Hawthorn.
In this country it is always grafted upon that species, and acquires a dense round-headed habit, which diminishes its beauty in some degree ; this is, however, abundantly com- pensated by its multitude of deliciously perfumed flowers, and the rich clusters of red fruit with which it is loaded in the autumn. It differs from C. orientalis not alone rn the colour of its fruit ; but in its leaves never becoming- smooth, in its stipules being small and imdivided, and in the stones that enclose the seeds not being particularly thick-sided.
* See folio 1161,
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1880 {
* DOUGLAsIA nivalis.
Snow Douglasia.
PENTANDIIIA MOl^OGYKIA.
Nat. ord. Pkimulace^.
DOUGLASIA, Lindl. — Calyx obconicus, angulatus, 5-dentatus. Co- rolla infundibularis, tubo ventricoso, limbo piano 5-partlto. fauce callo llneari sub utroque sinu. Ovarium uniloculare, placenta ccntrali libera pedicellata fun- gilliformi, margine 5-dentata ; ovula 5, dentibus placentae opposita. Capsula vestlta, unilocularis, 5-valvis. ^'emina 2, concava. scrobiciilata. Ca-spites svffrutlculosi (Atnericce borcalis), foliis indivisis, floribus subumbellatis , soli- tariisque.
D. nivalis {Lindl. in Brandes Journal, Jan. 1828, p. 383.) foliis linearibus pube rigida ramosa incanis subverticillatis, floribus longe pedunculatis sub- umbellatis.
" Upon his journey across the rocky mountains in April, 1827, in latitude 52" N., longitude 118'^ W., at an estimated elevation of 12,000 feet above the level of the sea, the attention of Mr. Douglas was attracted by a brilliant purple patch amidst the surrounding snow. On approach- ing it, he was surprized to find that the colour which had arrested his eye was caused by the blossoms of a little plant, from which the superincum- bent snow had not yet melted away. The well-known Saxifraga oppositi- folia immediately occurred to his recollection, and he at first imagined he had either discovered that species, or one nearly allied to it ; but upon a closer inspection, he perceived that it was no Saxifraga, but a genus apparently new. Specimens having been submitted to me for examination since Mr. Douglas's return, the following description lias been drawn up: — The plant forms a thick tuft, consisting of numerous perennial branched stems, the lower of which are covered with the persistent de- cayed leaves and fruit of pi-evious summers. The .sterns are round, bright purplish brown, covered with scattered, rigid, branched short hairs, and densely clothed with opposite spreading leaves. The leaves arc a dull glaucous green, semi-amplexicaul, linear, obtuse, about five lines long and
* Named by me some years ago in compliment to Mr. Douglas, whose zeal in the collection of seeds and dried specimens of plants, and whose untimely end, have richly earned for him a niche in the long gallery of departed science.
three-quarters of a line broad, so closely covered witli liairs, like those of" the stem, that the whole epidermis is hidden. Their veins are concealed by the hairs ; but if the latter are removed, they appear to consist, of a thickened midrib, and a few nearly simple spreading vena3 primariog. The flowers proceed from the axils of the upper leaves, from three to six on each little branch ; at first they are sessile, but their footstalks subsequently lengthen by degrees until the fruit is ripe, when they are from three-quarters of an inch to one inch in length, and covered with the same sort of hairs as the leaves and stem. The calyx is hairy in like manner, obconical, angular, with five equal erect narrowly triangular teeth, about the length of the tube. The corolla is of a vivid purple colour, infundibuliform, wholly destitute of pubescence. The Uibe is a little ventricose, and rather longer than the calyx, its whole length being about three lines. The limb is spreading, five-parted with cuneate, oblong, obtuse segments ; the orifice is guarded by five transversely linear calli, placed under each sinus, and corresponding to the same number of ex- ternal depressions of the neck of the tube. The anthers are linear oblong, nearly sessile, opposite the segments of the corolla, and a little inclosed within the tube. The ovarium is superior, of an obovate figure, one- celled, with a central free fungilliform placenta, the lower edge of which has five teeth corresponding to an equal number of peltate ovules. The style is filiform, as long as the tube of the corolla, and continuous with the ovarium ; stigma, a minute depressed cup. The capsule is of a carti- laginous texture, surrounded by the persistent calyx, one-celled, with five recurving valves ; the seeds are two, peltate, oblong, convex on the out- side, concave in the inside, dark brown, covered closely with minute dots or depressions ; four only having been found, their internal organization has not been determined.
" Hence it appears that, with the exception of the interior of the seed, the whole structure of the plant is determinable : it is also obvious that it is referable to Primulacese, of which it possesses all the characters. In fact it is closely akin both to Primula and Androsace. From both these genera, however its ovarium which exhibits the greatest instance of reduction of ovules yet known in the order, and its dispermous capsule, with oblong concave seeds, readily and essentially distinguish it."
The foregoing statement is extracted from the notice of this genus which I published some years ago in the Journal of the Royal Institution. Since that time the plant has been raised in the garden of the Horticul- tural Society, where it flowered in July, 1835, and subsequently in April, 1836, having been raised from seeds collected in California by Mr. Douglas. It proves to be a branched herbaceous plant, growing pretty freely in peat and sand, and ripening its seed in small quantity. Hitherto it has been kept in the greenhouse, there having been only two plants raised in the first instance ; it is however probable that it will thrive better under the treatment suited to alpine plants.
Sir William Hooker possesses a second species (Douglasia arctica, Hooker) collected by Dr. Richardson on the shores of the Arctic sea.
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1887
* ONCIDIUM Lanceanum.
Mr, Lance s Oncidium.
GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.
Nat. ord. Orchidace^. 5( Vande;e. ONCIDIUM.— Suprd, vol 13. foL 1050.
A. Labellum trilobum. § 1. Folia plana, v. complicata. a. Sepala lateraVta libera. * Labelli hicinuc laterales nance v. obliteratce. O. Lanceanum ; ebulbe, foliis oblongis acutis plain's substriatis carnosis, seapo racemoso composito erecto rigido raccmulis confcrtifloris, se])alis ' petalisque coiifoiniibus ob- loiis^is obtusis carnosis concavis niargine undulatis, labelli lobo medio dilatato sub- cuneato integerrimo basi hastato : lobis lateralibus semi-ovatis, crista triloba carnosa jiigoque elevate proclivi, colnmnai alls carnosis rotundatis, anthera cristata. O. Lanceanum. Lindley in Hort. Trans, n.ser.vol. 2. jj. 100. tab. 7.
This remarkable plant has lately been published in the Transactions of the Horticultural Society of London, whence the follovving account of it is extracted : —
" In the year 1834, John Henry Lance, Esq. upon his return to England from Surinam, where he had been residing several years, brought with him a considerable collection of Orchideous Epiphytes, which he presented to the So- ciety. Among other interesting species was the subject of the following memo- randum ; a plant, than which a more acceptable addition to the hot-houses of this country has rarely been made.
" The genus Oncidium already includes several very beautiful species, in particular 0. flexuosum, hifolium, ampliatum and crispum, but all these have flowers in which yellow or brown are the only colours, they owe their beauty to the graceful arrangement of their branches, and to the singular form of tlieu- petals, rather than to their colour, and moreover their blossoms are destitute of fragrance. When, therefore, it was ascertained that among Mr. Lance's plants there existed an Oncidium, with violet-coloured sweet-scented flowers, great interest was ex- cited, and no pains were spared to ensure its successful cultivation. Many plants were soon distributed by Mr. Lance's orders, one of which blossomed in the hot- house of the Messrs. Loddiges, and another shortly after in that of the Society. The plant was found by no means difficult to manage ; and in point of beauty and fragrance it more than answered all the expectations that had been entertained of it.
" The roots are flexuose, slender, simple elongations of the base of the stem, evidently intended to grow upon places where the quantity of mould is insuffi- cient to cover them ; they lengthen independently of their growth at the point, like the aerial roots of other Epiphytal Orchidese, and diffiir from those of other Oncidiums only in being of a greenish yellow colour. The leaves spread from a very short, woody, annulated root-stock, and are about a foot in length on the average ; they are of a broadly oblong figure, of a leathery consistence, are nearly flat, a little curved back at the point, and have a light green colour faintly mottled
* See folio 1542.
with purple. The flowers are disposed in a short-branched rigid panicle, elevated on a stalk not quite so long as the longest leaves ; it is about six or nine inches lonp-, and densely covered with flowers, which sometimes assume a corymbose, sometimes a racemose arrangement. The flowers when expanded measure an inch and three-quarters from the tip of their back sepal to the point of their lip; they emit a delicious fragrance resembling that of the garden pink. The sepals are oblong, concave, obtuse, a little waved and greenish yellow at the edge, bright yellow in the middle, and regularly marked with broad blotches of crimson which run together near the base. The two petals are similar to the sepals. The lip is bright violet, darkest at the lower half; at the base it is prolonged on each side into a triangular tooth, and in the middle of the base there are three nearly equal tubercles which towards the column terminate a ridge that gradually lowers and then disappears at the expanded portion of the lip ; above the base it is narrow, it then expands again into a broad, thin, light purple, somewhat truncated and toothed extremity. The column has an oblique, rounded, ear-like appendage on each side, and is capped by a rich crimson anther.
" Such was the specimen from which the annexed drawing was taken ; but it was far inferior to one which I have just seen (June 29, 1836^, in the rich collection of epiphytes belonging to the Messrs. Rollinsons of Tooting. This plant, which I regard as the most perfect instance of successful cultivation I have yet witnessed among epiphytes, had leaves eighteen inches long, and up- wards of thirty flowers two inches and a quarter in expansion, with all the mark- ings of the sepals and petals of the richest chocolate brown, and of the lip of the deepest violet. In fragrance there was a resemblance to the spicy odour of that sweetest of all flowers Aerides cornutum.
" In the Society's garden this plant is cultivated along with other epiphytes in a damp hothouse facing the north ; it is planted in a mixture of sandy peat, potsherds, and decayed wood; and under these circumstances it thrives very well.
" Mr. Lance has favoured me with the following account of the discovery and subsequent management of this remarkable plant in its native country.
" ' The first specimen of this splendid Epiphyte I discovered, was growing on the trunk of a large tamarind tree, in a noble avenue of those trees close to the Government House in Surinam. I took it home with me and planted it in a pot filled with rotten pieces of wood and a little light earth ; but though it re- mained alive and flowered once or twice, it did not thrive, but wasted away and became less. I afterwards found a great number of the plants in different parts of the colony ; they were generally attached to the stems or branches of the Tamarind, the Sapodilla, or the Calabash trees, appearing to prefer those to any other ; however, on being tied to the branches of the Orange, the Soursop, the Mammee, and even the Brugmansia arborea, it grew well upon them all and pro- duced vigorous stems with upwards of twenty blossoms on each stem. The scent is extremely fragrant, and is retained after the flower is dried, only becoming fainter and more of a spicy flavour than when fresh. The plant remains in full beauty ten or twelve days, a long period in that climate, and I found that it always required a shady situation and a living stem to grow upon, without which it would not produce its flowers in the highest perfection.'
" Although the Society's sense of the importance of Mr. Lance's endeavours to introduce new plants to this country has already been recognized by the Council having awarded him the Society's Large Silver Medal, yet I trust it will not be considered improper in me to indicate this in a more specific manner, by naming after that gentleman one of the most beautiful of the plants we owe to his exertions."
Aija.
Jic^^ ^loAey. d^. .n^t^ J. ^Ecd:^i,CAitf /i^ fflccaJMj J^^. 7. 7^36.
y'')iQiijc.
1888
* GILIA tenuiflora.
Slender-jiowei'ed Gilia.
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Nat. Ord. PoLEMONIACEiE.
GILIA:— Supn}, vol. Id.fol. 1622.
G. tenuiflora ; caule erecto elato supern^ viscoso subnudo paniculato, follis bipinnatisectis glabris, floribus subsolitariis, corymbis laxis long6 peduncu- latis, corollis calyce 4-pl6 longioribus. Bentham supra, vol. 19. 1622. in textu.
Qs.\A\s l-pedalis , totus paululum viscidus, ramis Jiliformibus sed rigidis suhdichotomis , glandulis viridibus fungilliformibus in caule raris sub calyce creberrimis. Flores rosei, nee coerulei. Calyx laciniis mucronatis, dorso herbaceis purpureisve, margins membranaceis. Corolla infundihularis , se- munciam longus, extus roseas, sanguineo acupiinctatus, intils unicolor et vio- laceus. Antherae plumbe(B. Capsula ovato-oblonga, testacea, papyracea, semi-trivalvis loculicidh dehiscens ; valvulis a placenta '6-angulari demum libera secedentibus. Semina testacea, oblongo-reniformia, longiludinaliter corrugata, cceteriim glabra.
A hardy annual raised from Californian seeds in tlie Garden of the Horticultural Society, where it flowered for the first time in August, 1834. A single plant only was at that time raised, but it seeded plentifully, and is now not uncommon.
Mr. Douglas sent it home under the name of Gilia splendens, a somewhat singular appellation, seeing that it is one of the least showy of the genus. In fact it is not worth cultivating for the sake of the flower garden; but it is very pretty in nosegays as an ornament to rooms.
Its flowers change in drying from rose colour to blue, which gave rise to the supposition that they are naturally of
* See fol. 1170.
VOL. XX I r.
the latter colour. The corolla is in reality of a rich clear uniform violet in the inside, and on the outside of a pale rose, but this colour is much affected by the presence of innumer- able short deep red lines, which are as delicate as if they were drawn with the point of a needle.
^i(^ ^ X ^li^ay /60 dicrjiMly Ji^. /. f(f36.
^^.9i^t4i9..^.
1889
* CIRRHiEA tiistis.
Sad-coloured Cirrhcea.
GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.
Nat. ord. Orchidace^, § VandEjE. CIRRHMA.—Suprd, vol. \8. fol. 1538.
C. tristis ; follis oblongo-lanceolatis basi parum angustatis, petalis lineari-spa- thulatis, labelli sagittati lobo intermedio lineari abrupte acuto lateralibus acuralnatis parallelis breviore.
Pseudobulbi ovati, sulcati, angulis rotundatis. Folia solitaria, subpli- cata, coriacea, ohlongo-lanceolata vel ohlonga, basi in petiolum brevem con- volutum angustata. Racemi peiiduli, foliis paidb longiores, radicales, dens^ multiflori. Flores odoratissimi tristt purpurei, sanguineo suffusi, cqncibus herbaceis. Sepala linearia, patentissima, obtusa, postremo sigmoideo, reflexo. Petala lineari-spatulata sepalis paulo breviora et duplo angustiora. Labellum atropurpureum ; ungue arcuvi continuum cuvi colurnnd resupinatd efficients ; limbo sagittato, laciniis lateralibus acuminatis subparallelis carnosis inter- media fere duplo longioribus. Columna arcuata, clavata, truncata, anthera posticd, stigmate obliquo, verticali, cirrhifero, ut in genere.
A deliciously scented species, native of Mexico, whence it was obtained by Messrs. Loddiges, in whose hot-house the drawing was made in June, 1835. The form of its lip is quite different from that of any of the other three species now known.
Like its other botanical allies it grows upon the branches of trees, and apparently in a pendulous manner.
* See folio 1538.
l2
1890
* CRATAEGUS spathulata.
Spathula-leaved Thorn.
ICOSANDRIA MO^O-PENTAGYNIA.
Nat. ord. RosacE/E, § PoMEiE. CRATMGUS.-Supr^, vol. 13. fol. 1128.
C. spathulata ; ramulis spinescentibus fasciculatim foliosis, foliis obovatis basi angustatis subtrilobis stipulisque semihastatis foliaceis glanduloso-serratis, floribus subsessiiibus, corymbis pauclfloris, sepalis inclsis.
C. spathulata ; ramulis spinescentibus fasciculatim foliosis, foliis parvis longis- sime deorsum angustatis subspatulatis trifidis, corymbis paucifloris, pedicellis brevibus, calycibus tomentosis. Mich. Fl. Amer. Bor. 1. 288. Pur&h Fl. Am. sept. 1 . 336. Non Elliotti.
C. virginica. Loddiges. Loudon Arboret. ^ Fruticet. Britann. p. 842. t. 560.
C. viridis. Hart.
There can be no doubt that this plant, the Cratcegus virginica of the Nurseries, is the real C. spathulata of Michaux, about which so little is known that it is altogether omitted from the Floras of Torrey, Hooker, and Beck, is introduced by name into Elliott's work on South Carolina without that author's being acquainted with the plant, was missed by Willdenow, and was unknown to De Candolle. Pursh merely repeats Michaux 's character, but he adds that it occurs in dry woods near rivers in Virginia and Carolina, flowering in May and June, and having very large crooked thorns with small leaves. Mr. Loudon in his Arboretum Bri- tannicumf keeps the garden name virginica, considering
* See folio 1161.
t I gladly avail myself of the present opportunity of calling attention to this
useful work, upon the hardy Trees and Shrubs cultivated in Great Britain, in
which, as is usual in the writings of the indefatigable author, there is a most
valuable mass of information, partly compiled, but also to a great extent original.
C. inicrocarpa figured at folio 1846 of this work, as the true C. spathulata.
A hardy bush, growing four or five feet high, and retaining its leaves late in the autumn.
This species has very much the appearance of Cr. parm-
folia, from which it is essentially distinguished by its leaves
being edged with strong dark glands, and by its large leafy
stipules. The fruit is always green, even when ripe, is a
little downy, and contains from five to six stones.
AHJ/.
^^^ ^ttZ^ c^.
^^ ^ J. ^ia^urtuf /^ iS*»w^/ y-*^. /. r^':?6.
y.'Hi^^..-
1891
* LUPfNUS latitblius. Broad-leaved Lupine.
DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
Nat. Old. Fabace^e or Leguminos^, § Papilionace^. LUPINUS.— Supra, vol. ]3.foL 1096.
L. latifolius ; elatus, caule Isevissimo glaberrimo nltente, foliolis 5-7 (5-9) obovatis basi angustatis supra glaberrimis subtus sparsissime piliferis, stipulis setaceis, bracteis coroUam superantibus, floribus racemi vald^ elongati long^ pedunculati sparsis (et verticillatis) calycis ebracteolati serlcei labiis subin- tegris, carina glabra. /. G. Agardh, Synops.gen. Lupini,p. 18.
Caulis subprocumbens ramosus. Foliola sublucida, mucrone molli ciis- pidata. Flores purpureo-violacei. Legumina brevia, vix unciam longa, oblique constricta,intus isthmis nullis sed lanugine sparsd parcdque obducta. Seniina nebulosa.
This Lupine has been described by Dr. J. G. Agardh, in the valuable little work above quoted, from a wild specimen communicated by me, and which had been collected in California, by Mr. Douglas. It is apparently distinct from both L. rivularis and X. littoralisy to which however it approaches more nearly than to X. polyphyllus. It is a hardy perennial, flowering in July and the two following months.
In the work above referred to Dr. Agardh has described 76 certain species of this pretty genus, besides adverting to 7 others of which little is known. Of the former 34 are in Mr. Douglas' collections.
* See folio 1198.
/^y2
' ^W*.. ^. ^tUr^J. .^^^«/»<../^y m<axM^ J^-^. /■ Z^-?^'
j^<94Qi^j(>.
-J
1892
* ARDISIA odontophylla. Tooth-leaved Ardisia.
PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Nat. Old. Myrsinace^. ARDISIA.— Supn}, vol. 7. foL 533.
A. odontophylla (Wallich Cat. no. 2279) ; foliis lanceolate -oblongis utrinquc
acutis long^ petiolatis argut^ dentatis puberulis, racemis axillaribus foliis
multo brevioribus, pedicellis brevlbus alternis ut pedicelli velutinis, lobis
calycinis ovato-acutis ciliatis et puberulis, coroUae profunde partitse lobis
- ovato-acutis. Alph. De Cand. in Linn. Trans, vol. 17. p. 125. t. 6.
A stove shrub, native of Bengal towards the Sylhet borders and about Gualpara, where it was found by Dr. Buchanan, and by Dr. Wallich's collectors.
It was first introduced by Thomas Carey Palmer, Esq. of Bromley, by whom it was communicated to Mr. Knight of the King's Road, in whose hot-house the accompanying figure was made in July, 1834.
Independently of its being, like all the Ardisias, a hand- some evergreen, this species is remarkable for its delicious fragrance. Its flowers are pale salmon colour, slightly streaked with red.
* From ap^ig, the point ol" a weapon, in allusion to the sharp-pointed segments of the corolla.
/(»g3.
-«W^,^. ^JriyJ-^^.J^^'efl^i-'^^'t^-''"^^-
j:Hi£i.M.
1893
* ANTIRRHfNUM glanduI6sum. Glandular Snapdragon.
DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.
Nat. ord. Scrophulariaceje.
ANTIRRHINUM L. Calyx 5-partitus. Corolla personata, tubo crasso vel elongate, basi saccato. Capsula 3 poris valvulatis, v. rarius 2 foraminibus irregularibus sub apice dehiscens. Chavannes Monogr. 74.
A. glandulosum ; undique pilis capitatis subviscidis conspersum ; foliis alternis petiolatis anguste ovato-lanceolatis, racemo denso folioso, calycis lobis lineari-lanceolatis inaequalibus.
Caulis bipedalis, erectus, ratnosus, Icete viridis, glandulis pilorum den- sissimorum rufescens. Folia subsucculenta, superne lucida, in spontaned parva et fere linearia. Racemus cylindraceus, terminalis, densissimus, brac- teis foliaceis longe ultra Jiores inferiores projicientibzis. Flores solitarii brevi-pedunculati. Sepala lineari-lanceolata, tubo corollce duplo breviora, incequalia ; dorsali lateralibus longiore. Corolla tubo cylindraceo labioque superiore roseis, labio inferiore ochroleuco, basi antice gibboso ; labii infe- rioris laciniis cequalibus rotundatis. Stamina tubo cequalia, filamentis basi oblique tortis et dilatatis inferiorum basi barbatis, superiorum pubescentibus ; antheris glaberrimis. Capsula immatura subrotundo-ovata, papyracea, pilosa ; maturam non vidi.
This, if not a very pretty plant, is something of a geogra- phical curiosity, it being the first species of the genus Antirrhinum which has yet been found certainly wild in the New World ; the specimens of A. orontium that have been met with in the United States, are believed to have been introduced from Europe.
* The avrtpp/voj' of Theophrastusand Dioscorides was probably Antirrhinum Orontium. The name, which may be literally rendered Snoutwort, has obviously been derived from the appearance of the corolla, which resembles the snout of some animal.
Seeds of it were sent to the Horticultural Society from California by Mr. Douglas. The flowers were first produced in 1815; they appear in August and September, and conti- nue to open in succession till the frosts come. The species is a quite hardy annual, and will grow in any soil ; it ripens its seeds freely enough.
usgJ,
' -urA.. Ud. MJrCyJ. ^<'^-ruf /BO .^m^^
1894
* YUCCA Diaconis.
Dragon-tree-leaved Adams Needle.
HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Nat. ord. LiLiACEiE.
YUCCA.— Supra, vol. 20.fol. 1690.
Y. Draconis ; arborescens, foliis laxe capitatis subreflexls ensiformlbus acumi- natis marglne scabris, paniculis ramosis, perianthiis patentissimis.
Y. Draconis. Haworth, Suppl. p. 33. Romer S^ Schult. Syst. veg. 1 . 716. Elliott Fl. South Carol. 1.401.
What may be species and what varieties in this noble genus, it is in the present state of botanical information im- possible to say ; there is however but little doubt that the two plants which form the subject of this and the succeeding plate are really distinct.
This, which I presume is the Y. Draconis of Haworth and Elliott, at least, whatever it may be of others, is one of the most stately of the genus ; it grows along the sea-shore of Carolina, frequently intermixed with Yucca gloriosa, and flowers from May to August ; it sometimes grows as much as 9 or 10 feet high. The great peculiarity by which it appears to be distinguished is the spreading flowers, whose segments, instead of remaining closed in a globose manner as in most others, expand till they diverge from the flower- stalk at nearly a right angle.
The drawing was made in the garden of the Horticul- tural Society, in July, 1835; and about the same time I received it from the Nursery of the Messrs. Backhouse of York, with whom it had been growing in the open ground
* See folio 1690.
for some years. Mr. William Wood, who has the charge of the plant department in this extensive establishment, informs me that the main stem, clear of the leaves, was two feet long, and terminated in three clusters of leaves, from the centre of each of which rose a flower stem three feet high. The foliage, notwithstanding its stiffness, does not offend the eye, for the leaves gradually turn back as they grow old, till at last they form the graceful arrangement shewn in the accompanying figure.
Nothing can be better adapted than these plants for orna- menting either artificial or natural masses of rock-work, precipitous banks, or other situations where the singular stems can be so much above the eye, as to form a bold and prominent object standing out in strong relief against the sky. They are hardy, perennial, and easily procured in the Nurseries. The Messrs. Backhouse find this, Y. rufo- cincta, recurvifolia, glaucescens, filamentosa, and others, quite capable of bearing the winter, even so far north as York. In the Garden of the Horticultural Society no weather seems to harm them.
/JyJ.
0t^4a, ./■■
,^n^^j. ^^-wy /^ ig*a«^ js^^./.mi^.
j^:'U'a^..A--
1895
* y6cCA fl&ccida.
Weak-leaved Adam's Needle.
HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Nat. ord. Liliace^e.
YUCCA.— Su^rd, vol. 20. fol. 1690.
Y. flaccida ; foliis omnibus valde flaccidis tenuibus infra medium debiliter
recurvo-dependentibus loratim longo-lanceolatis planis apicc concavis
mucronulatis undique asperiusculis, filis margin alibus validissimis fulvicanti-
bus. Haworth, Suppl.p. 35. Eomer et Schultes Syst. Veg. 7. 719.
Acaulis, ccsspitosa, foliis flaccid^ recurvis, striatis, striarum jugis
interrupte elevatis et hinc superjiciem scabram reddentibus. Paniculee mul-
tiflorce, patentes, glaberrimce. Flores ochroleuci rubore vix ullo nisi ipsis
apicibus sepalorum, subglobosi. Petala sepalis duplb latiora. Filamenta
pruinoso-pubescentia, stylo breviora.
Of this the native country is unknown. It was first noticed in the Garden of Mr. Vere, of Kensington Gore, where it had probably been raised from North American seed. It is a pretty and apparently distinct species, well marked by its thread -edged scabrous leaves, pallid flowers, and stemless habit.
The drawing was made in July, 1835, in the Garden of the Horticultural Society, where the plant is a hardy ever- green perennial ; its flowers are over by the middle of August. It is readily multiplied by off'sets, and like the rest of the genus thrives most in sandy soil, resembling that of the sea-shore, along which so many of the species are found wild in North America.
These Yuccas would surely be excellent plants for gar- dens on the sea- coast, and yet one never sees them there.
* See fol. 1690.
/S96
rca-^,/ly.^. /./,;■/
1896
* MYANTHUS deltoideus.
TriangulcLV lipped Fhjwort.
GYNANDRIA UQ-^ Al^HUlA,
Nat. ord. Orchidace^, § Vande^, MYANTHUS.—Suprd vol. 18. fol. 153B.
M. deltoideus ; labello imberbi sagittate triangulari, angulis posticls rotundatis dentatis apice dllatato calloso margine recuryo basi tuberculato.
Planta omnino facie M. cernui ; foliis quodammodo latioribus. Rachis purpurascens, angulata. Bracte^ parvce, memhranacece, acuminulatcB. Petala et Sepala subcequalia, lineari-lanceolafa, virescentia, purpureo-macu- lata et interrupte fasciata. Labellum sepalis duplo breviiis, versus basin saccatum, planum, caryiosum, atro-purpureum, disco virescente, tuberculo unico oblongo pone basin, et callo virescente ad apicem. Ccetera M. cernui.
This makes the fourth species of the present curious genus, and in all probability many more will be added. It is a native of trees in the neighbourhood of the great waterfall of the Demerara river, where it was found by Mr. Joseph Hubbard, who sent it to his friend Mr. Booker of Liverpool, by whom it was presented to Richard Harrison, Esq. of Aighburgh. To the latter gentleman I am indebted for the fine specimen from which the accompanying drawing- was made in October, 1835.
Its distinction from the other species resides in its lip, which has none of the fringe-like hairs of M. barbatus and cristatus, but is flat, of a thick fleshy consistence, and of a rich purple colour with a dash of green on its centre ; its figure is arrow-headed, with the barbs rounded off and ser- rated, and the point a little dilated with the edges reflexed.
* See folio 1721. VOL. XXfT. • M
When the third part of the Genera and Species of Oirhi- deous Plants was published in 1833, I was only acquainted with Myanthus cernuus, and cristatus, the latter of which I considered a Catasetum, and the former as the only genuine species of the genus ; to a certain degree mistaking the real generic character of Myanthus, in consequence of the imperfect materials of which only I was then in possession. Now however that four species are known in a living state, it has become necessary to alter the original character of the genus so as to include Catasetum cristatum. This I think is more advisable than to combine Myanthus with Catasetum, as my learned friend Sir William Hooker has recommended {Bot. Mag. fol. 3514). If the latter measure were to be adopted it would be equally necessary to suppress the ^enQYdiMonachanthus, Mormodes, Ci/cnoches, &c. the effect of which would be to form a heterogeneous collection of species, the principal combining character of which would reside in the peculiar succulent stems. As the genera now stand they have each a clear distinction, and each already possesses as many species a:s are usually assembled vmder newly discovered types of structure ; Myanthus has already 4, Cycnoches 2, Monachanthiis 2, Catasetum 5; and Moiinodes is the only one that comprehends only a solitary species.
Like the rest of its allies a tender stove plant.
/^j;/.
n\0i^iM
/y X 3&^u^ /^ ^axcaki!/^ c^. /. 7<fSd
^0'f'^^. .*j .
1897
* CRATAEGUS Aionia.
The Aronia Thorn.
ICOSANDRIA MONO-PENTAGYNIA.
Nat. ord. Rosacea, Subord. Pome^. CRATJEGUS.—Supn}, vol. 13. fol, 1128.
C. Aronia ; subinerrais ramulis tomentosis, folils cuneatis pinnatifidis trifidisque laciniis latls linearibus apice sub-incisis supra lucidis subtus glabriusculis glaucescentibus, corymbis subsessilibus, fructibus (armeniacis) subangulatis dipyrenis, putamlne crassissimo.
Mespilus Aronia. Willd. enum. Suppl.
Cr. Aronia. Dec. Prodr. 2. 629. Loudon Arb. Britann. p. 827. f^g. 593.
Mespilus orientalis apii folio subtus hirsute. Pocock. Travels in the East, 1 89. t. 85. fide Willd.
Arbor mediocris, coma conicd subapertd, ramis rigidis, nullo modo Jlexuosis. Folia, forma variant ut in omnibus fere speciebus mos est ; semper tamen circumscriptionem habent cuneatam ; tridentata sunt, trifda, pin- natifdaque , laciniis integerrimis emarginatis incisisque ; facie superiore scepius glabrescunt, subtus pabe quddam pagina obducitur. Flores albi speciosi.
Said to be a native of the Levant, I presume upon the authority of Pococke's Travels, which I have not at hand to consult. Specimens from Gramniont near Montpellier are before me, and they are considered wild by Professor Delile, who gathered them. This I suspect is the species which yields the fruit called at Montpellier Pommettes a deux closes, and not C. Azarolus.
It is very near C. Azarolus, of which indeed it might be considered a mere variety, if it were not so much more hardy, nearly destitute of pubescence, and constantly furnished with
*- See folio 1161.
M 2
two stones in its fruit; in the true Azarole there are five, according to Scopoli.
The tree of C. Aronia is, next to C. maroccana and hete- rophylla, the largest and most like timber of all the thorns. It grows very fast, makes a handsome head, and on account of the great quantity of apricot-coloured fruit with which it is loaded, is a suitable ornament for lawns and grass in pleasure grounds.
This plant furnishes a whimsical illustration of the blun- ders sometimes made by careless compilers. It is supposed to be the plant described and figured in Dr. Pococke's Tra- vels in the East ; these are quoted by Willdenow thus, Pock, orient. ; De Candolle copying this author prints Pocock. cr., the c in cr being substituted for o by a typographical error ; a modern writer copying De Candolle, and knowing nothing about Dr. Pococke, quotes him thus, Pococke Cratcegi ; thus making that learned Orientalist the author of a monograph on the genus Cratcegus !
1898
* EPIDENDRUM imulum.
Emulous Epidendrum.
GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.
Nat. ord. Orchidace^, § Epidendre^. EPIDJENDRUM.—Suprct, vol. l.foL 17.
§ 1. Foliisin pseudobulbos insidentibus.
E. cemulum ; rhizomate repente, pseudobulbis ovalibus compressis, foliis soli- tarils oblongo-lanceolatis coriaceis, sepalis petalisque linearl-lanceolatis aequalibus patentibus, labello subrotundo mucronato cochleato lineato inte- gerrimo, racemo paucifloro.
Rhizoma pennam anserinam crassum, repens, apice squamis memhra- naceis deciduis vestitum. Pseudobulbi 2 poll, longi, glabri, rugosi, ohlongi, compressi. Racemus 3-4-Jloriis, folii longitudine. Florcs E. fragranti simillimi, sed 3-plo minores ; petala non sepalis latiora, et labellum mu- cronatum nee cuspidatum.
A very rare little plant, closely allied to the variable E.f vaginalis, from which it is distinguished by its pseudo- bulbs being very exactly oval, and not tapered to each end, by its more leathery less acuminate leaves, and very much smaller flowers, the petals of which are the same width as the sepals.
A native of Para, whence it was sent by Mr. Hesketh, the English Consul, to Richard Harrison, Esq. who favoured me with a specimen in February, 1834.
A tender stove species.
* See folio 1415.
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1899
PENTSTEMON heteropliyllmn. Various-leaved Pentstemon.
DIDYNAMIA A-NGIOSPERMIA.
Nat. ord. Scrophulariace^. PENTSTEMON. Suprd, vol. 13./o/. 1131.
P. heterophyllum ; follis glaucescentibus integerrlmls inferioribus lincari-lancco- latis superloribus linearibus, racemo virgato, sepalis ovatis acumiiiatis, corollis ventricosis imberbibus, stamine sterili glabro, antheris sagittatis apice fimbriatis.
CauWs \h-'2.-pedalis, virgatus, glaucescens, basi purpureus. Folia sub- coriacea, obtusa, vix unquam serrulata. Corollse IcBtc purpurecB, glabcr- rimce, fere 1| unciam longce, ventricosce, laciniis lahii superioris oblique rotundatis, inferioris intermedid lateralibus paulo angustiore. Pedicelli supra medium bibracteati. Filamentum sterile album, glaberrimum, sub- emarginatum.
A native of California, where the seeds were collected by Mr. Douglas. It is a hardy herbaceous plant, propagated by cuttings as well as seeds, and flowering from June to October. The stems are rather woody, and if not supported artificially fall upon the ground, and throw out a number of lateral shoots.
The upper part of the plant is sometimes furnished with leaves so narrow as to be almost linear ; the lower has them of an oblong lanceolate form ; so that a person unaware of the circumstance would be apt to mistake portions of the same individual for different species.
Drawn in the garden of the Horticultural Society, where the plant grows in common garden soil.
* Sec fol. 1245.
woo
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1900
* ESCALLONIA illinita.
Varnished Escallonia.
PENTANDRIA MONOCVNIA. Nat. Old. ESCALLONIACE^.
ESCALLONIA. L. Calycis tubus hemisphaericus, ovario adiiatus,
limbus epigynus quinquedentatus. Petala 5, annulo epigyno inserta. Stamina 5, cum petalis inserta, iisdem alterna. Capsula bilocularis, a basi versus apicera septiclde dehiscens. Semina plurlma, placentis in utroque loculo treminis, e columella centrali filiformi ortis affixa, scrobiculata. Albumen carnosum, copiosum. Embryo orthotropus, axilis. P'uppig et Endlicher Nov. qen ct sp. 1.8. ^ '
E. illinita ; follis oblongo-lanceolatis serrulatis viscosis vernicosis, corymbis
subtrifloris racemosis, disco epigyno hemispha^rico. E. illinita. Presl. Reliq. Hcenk. vol. 2. p. 49. t. 59. Hooker et Arnott in
Bot. Miscell. 3. 343.
Frutex sempervire7is, dumosus, undique vernice obductus, odorem gravem Meliloti aid Fceni GrcBci spirans. Rami vernicis acervulis papillosi. Folia pallida viridia, nunc tantum lucida, nunc vernicem nitidissimam ex puiictis numerosissimis exsudantia. Racemi terminales, corymbis constantes pluribus alternis trifloris bractea parva foliacea suffultis. Flores albidi, subvires- centes. Calyx limbo ca7npanulato truncato, dentihus 5, subulatis. Petala 5, distincta. Stamina 5, petalis alterna et paulo breviora. Discus epigynus Jiavus, hemisphcericus, areolis 10 nectariferis subdepressis circa verticem. Ovarium biloculare, polyspermum.
This is by far the most hardy of the many species of Escallonia at present in our gardens, and is not unHkely to become a common evergreen. If this should prove so, the pale green of the leaves, their varnished ap})earance, and the peculiar habit of the plant, will render it a valuable ornamental species, notwithstanding the want of beauty in its greenish white flowers.
* See folio 1467.
It is a native of the mountains of Chili ; the late Dr. Gillies met with it at El Arroyo de los Limes, and Valle del Rio Tinguirica; and a supposed variety at La Siente Vieja and La Cuesta de Chacabuco ; Bridges found the latter at La Laguna, near Valparaiso.
Flowers in August and September ; and readily enough multiplied by cuttings. The figure was made in the garden of the Horticultural Society.
The whole plant emits a powerful odour, which to some persons is highly disagreeable, appearing to them to resemble the smell of swine ; to me it seems less unpleasant, and much more like the odour of Melilot or Fenugreek.
The most showy plant of this kind is the Escallonia Mon- tevidensis, which is also nearly hardy. That species is usually covered with hundreds of hemispherical heads of clear white flowers, over which countless insects keep up a busy hum, as they spring from blossom to blossom in search of the rich store of honey concealed within the recesses of the calyx-cup. As one looks at these creatures enlivened by the warmth of a bright sunny day, one cannot but admire the exquisite beauty of the ball room that nature thus pro- vides for an insect festival.
The disk of this species does not surround the base of the style in the form of a cup, but adheres to it in the form of a solid yellow cone. I do not know whether such a dis- tinction is of more than specific value.
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1901
* SCAPHYGLOTTIS violacea.
Violet Boatlip.
GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA. Nat. Orel. ORCHIDACEyE, § VANDEiE.
SCAPHYGLOTTIS. Poppig et Endlicher Nova Genera et Species Plantarum, 1. 58. Sepala conniventia, lateralla basi paulo producta cum pede columnar connata labello supposita, siipremum lineare convexum. Petala con- formia sed paulo brevlora. Labellum oblongum canaliculatum cum pede paulu- lum producto columnse continuum eique in parallelum, margine leviter repandum.
Columna marginata. Pollinia 4. teretia, glandulam cuneatam sessilia.
Herbas epzp/j?//«, cazilesce7ites,nuncpseudobulbosce in axillis. Folia cormcea, angusta. Floras parvi, axillares, pedunculis dense vaginatis.
S. violacea ; pseudobulbis nuUis, foliis linearibus apice emarginatis, floribus
subgeminis, labello lineari apiculato leviter repando. Cladobium violaceum. Lindl. Nat. syst. of Botany, p. 446.
Caules teretes, striati, articulati, verosimiliter penduli, ad nodos proli- feri. Folia 1-2 poll, longa, linearia v. lineari-lanceolata, emarginata, forte in pseudobulbos insidentia dum planta vegetior pullulat. Flores minuti, violacei, pedunculis dense vaginatis brevissimis, geminati. Sepala lateralia basi producta et ohliqua, supremo lineari duplb latiora. Petala supremo conformia, sed paulo breviora et minus colorata. Labellum album, cum basi leviter producto columnce continuum, carnosum, canaliculatdm, lineare, apiculatum, apice purpurascens, margine leviter repandum ideoque subtrilo- bum. Columna semiteres, alba, apice utrinque unidentata. Pollinia 4, dis- tincta, teretia, in glandulam triangularem sessilia.
A native of Demerara, whence it was imported by Messrs. Loddiges. It is not a species of any beauty, but it is a great Botanical rarity, flowering in the Orchideous stove in February,
'" ^Ki'tfjjoc a boat, and yXwrro a tongue, in allusion to the usual form of the labellum.
It constitutes, along with some other South American plants with a similar habit, a genus representing among Vandeae Isochilus in the Epidendreous section ; and distinctly characterized by its flowers having the calyx and corolla of Speckliniay combined with pollen masses of a very unusual structure. When four pollen masses are combined in pairs, they are usually pressed so close together that the one is flattened against the other, and they seem as if in reality each pair were produced by the slitting of one ; in this genus, on the contrary, each mass is rounded and separate from its neighbours.
When I published this plant in the work above quoted, under the name of Cladobium violaceum, I had not seen the late parts of Poppig and Endlicher's Nova genera, which ap- peared in the end of 1835 ; and consequently I was unaware of the genus having been already named Scaphyglottis in that work. Perhaps as the name Cladobium was in circu- lation, from me, so long since as February, 1835, I might on that ground set up a claim to priority, and preserve it; but as Mr. Poppig has described several species, I think the interests of science will be best consulted by cancelling Cladobium and adopting Scaphyglottis.
Of the dissections, 1. is an entire flower seen in profile and magnified ; 2. is a side view of the column and lip ; 3. a view of the lip from above ; 4. a set of pollen masses with their gland.
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S^>c.
1902
* CYTISUS eeolicus.
jEolian Cytisus.
DIADELPHIA BECA^DRIA. Nat. ord. FABACEiE or LEGUMINOSiE, § PAPILIONACEiE.
CYTISUS.— Suprd, vol. 2. fol. 121.
Sect. 2. Laburnum. Calyx campanulatus. Legumina polysperma ad
suturam superiorem non dilatata. Flores fiavi. Rami inermes
foliosi. DC.
C. ceolicus ; ramis teretibus folilsque incanis, foliolis ovalibus tomento marginatis, floribus ternis subebracteatis racemosis, calycibus membranaceis campanu- latis pubescentibus |, leguminibus glabris.
C. aeolicus. Gussone ined.
Frutex elatus. Rami pilis mollihus patentibus hirsuti. Folia ternata, incana ; foliolis anguste ovalibus, subsessilibus, petiolo longioribus, tomento viarginatis. Racemi terminales, breves, flexuosi, rachi tomentosd. Flores lutein geminati ternatique, pedicellis calyce longioribus, pubescentibus. Calyx campanulatus membranaceus , pubescens, bilabiatus : labio superiore 2-dentato inferiore ovato integerrimo. Vexillum oblongum, obttisum, alis longius marginibus rejiexis. Carina basi pubescens, unguibus linearibus an- gustissimis. Stamina monadelpha, antheris alternis minoribus. Legumina juniora glabra.
From the seed of a plant marked Cytisus cboUcus in the garden of Professor Tenore, at Naples, and said to be a new species discovered in Stromboli by Professor Gussone, this plant was raised by the Honourable W. F. Strangways, in his curious garden at Abbotsbury in Dorsetshire. It flowered there this year for the first time in England, and specimens were given me in May of the present year ; it is expected that the blossoms will become handsomer and more copious as it grows older.
* See fol. 1191,
The climate of Stromboli does not hold out much pros- pect of this plant being hardy enough to bear English winters, without some kind of protection ; 1 do not however anticipate any difficulty in preserving it against a wall on a well drained border.
In foliage it bears a striking resemblance to C. proli- ferus, but its flowers are altogether different. Its real affinity seems to be with C. trijiorus, from which it differs in being a much larger and more woody plant, with terminal racemes of flowers, in its larger, deeper and more distinctly campa- nulate calyx, and smooth, not hairy pods. It seems as if it were an intermediate species between C. Laburnum and C. trijiorus.
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1903
* LAPEYR6uSIA anceps.
Two-edged Lapeyrousia.
TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Nat. ord. Iridace^.
LAPEYROUSIA. Pourr. — Pcrianthium hypocrateriforme ; tubo lon- gissimo gracili ; limbo sexpartito subregulari. Stamina 3, tubo superne in- serta. Stylus filiformis ; stiymata 3, gracilia, bifida, patentia. Capsula mem- branacea, triangularis. Semina numerosa, triquetra (sphterica). Dietrich.
L. anceps ; caule folioso ancipiti angulis dentatis, foliis ensiformibus rectis, bracteis cucuUatis subcrispis foliosis, laciniis limbi subspathulatis.
Gladiolus anceps. Thunb. dissert, no. 17. t. 2.y. 3.
Gladiolus denticulatus. Lamark illustr. 1. 118.
Ixia Fabricii. De la Roche dissert, p. 18. no. 5.
Ixia Lapeyrousia. Gmelin syst~veg. 108.
Ixia pyraraidalis. Lamark Enc. Meth. 2. 334. Illustr. 1. 109.
Lapeyrousia compressa. Pourr. act. tolas. 3. t. 6.
Lapeyrousia anceps. Ker. Ann. Bot. 1.238.
Ovieda anceps. Sjireng. syst. 1. 147.
Meristostigma anceps. Dietr. Sp. plant, vol. 2. 596.
Flores albi, odoratissimi. Ovarium triloculare, polyspermum, ovulis
serie duplici affixis, horizontalibus. Stylus filiformis ; stigmata 3, bipartita,
filiformia, cequalia. Capsula membranacea, obcordata, triquetra, corrugata,
pisi maximi magnitudine ; semina sphcerica, minutissime papillosa, testa
papyraced, raphe tenui simplici, chalaza carnosd depressd. Embryo teres,
albus, in axi albuminis cornel.
An uncommon, though long known, Cape plant, having nothing to boast of in point of rich colouring or fantastical structure, but with a pretty modest aspect and a delicate delightful perfume.
It is usually cultivated in a greenhouse, but will thrive perfectly in a cold frame, well drained in winter, and ex-
* Named in compliment to Mons. Picot de la Peyrousc, author of figures of Pyrenean Plants, and a short history of the Pyrenean Flora.
posed to the warm and bright south in summer. It then flow.ers in June and July, and ripens its seeds about October.
The figure was taken from a plant in the possession of John Rogers, Esq. jun. of Streatham.
Fig. 1. is a view of the vertical section of the ovary; 2. is a transverse section of the same ; 3. shews the stigmas and point of the styles.
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y. '4'>^c:^ Ay.
1904
* lONOPSIS tenera. Delicate lonops'is.
GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.
Nat. ord. Orchidace^, § Vande^.
lONOPSIS, Kunth. -^ Perianthium clausum. Sepala lateralia basi approximata, (v. connata) cum basi labelli connata. Petala sepalis conformia. Labellum sepalis multo majus, basi saccatum, ungue bicalloso columna parallelo, lamina explanata patente biloba. Columna erecta, aptera, semiteres, rostello rostrato. Anthera 1-locularis rostrata. PolUniaQ, postice sulcata, caudiculS.
lineari inclusa, glandula obovata. Herbse epiphyfce, acaules. Folia coriacea.
Scapi paniculati, vaginati. Floras parvi, pallidi. Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 193.
I. tenera ; foliis carinatis aouminatis, scapo subsimplici, sepalis acutis lateralibus liberis labello cuneato obliqu^ truncato bilobo crenulato duplo brevioribus.
The species of this genus are but little known. It is seldom that they appear in gardens, in consequence of the difficulty attending their preser- vation on shipboard, and when imported they are difficult to manage and soon are lost. In their native woods they grow upon the smaller branches of trees, or upon dead sticks, which their white slender delicate roots quickly overspread. When cultivated they require all the aid of a hot and damp stove.
Materials to illustrate this genus are so uncommon, that there is much difficulty in ascertaining what species it contains. I think, however, four may be safely characterized, exclusively of I. pulchella and testiculata. The first of these is figured in the Collectanea Botanica, under the name of I. utricularioides ; it is a smaller plant in all respects than the other three, has a panicled scape, and its labellum is not much longer than the sepals, which are acute ; a second is Sir William Hooker's lantha palli- diflora, which has a large lip with a little irregular toothing at its margin, and extremely obtuse sepals and petals. The third is that now repre- sented, which differs from I. pallidiflora in its sepals being acute, and its
* Literally Violet-faced ; lov a violet and o\\jiz look ; why so named 1 do not know.
VOL. XX n. N
leaves sharp-pointed and earinate, without any intermediate tooth between the lobes of the lip. The fourth is a very remarkable species, with which I am acquainted through an extensive unpublished collection of excellent water-colour drawings, by Mons. Descourtilz, of Brazilian Orchideous plants, obligingly lent me by Baron Delessert. Tliis species has purple panicled scapes a foot and half long, bending gracefully beneath the weight of the delicate snow-white flowers. It was found in the ancient forests of Brazil, in the province of St. Paul. M. Descourtilz mentions a variety of it with flowers of a delicate and pure rose colour. " Son inflores- cence," he says, " a lieu dans les mois de Septembre et d' Octobre, et se prolonge jusqu'en Mars sans que lesjleurs sefanent ; elles sont inodores."
The systematic characters of these species are given below. For the following note, and the drawing of the accompanying plate, I have to thank Mr. Booth, the very intelligent gardener of Sir Charles Lemon, Bart.
" This elegant little plant flowered in May last, in Sir Charles Lemon's collection at Carclew, to which it was presented by Captain Sutton, of Flushing, near Falmouth, who brought it from Havannah in March, 1835."
" Pseudo-bulhs, very small and nearly hidden by the leaves, oval, deep green. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, of a brownish green colour, striated, sheathing at the base, thick and fleshy, from 2 to 4 inches long, and about half an inch broad, slightly earinate, and tapering to a narrow point. Scape produced from the bottom of the small pseudo-bulb, and rising from 8 to 10 inches high ; jointed, round and slender, nearly erect, of a pale brownish green, bearing a number of delicately marked flowers arranged alternately in a loose sort of panicle. Sejmls very small and thin, closely laid over the petals which they resemble in colour, but are rather shorter and more acuminate. Petals oblong, rounded at the edge, concealing the column. Labellum large, and spreading, two-lobed, almost obcordate, with a spur at the base, of a pale pinkish colour, beautifully marked with bright violet-coloured veins, darkest towards the claw, which has two, raised, fleshy, yellow appendages, parallel to, and about twice the length of, the column : the latter is pale green and roundish oblong."
I. utricular ioides (Collect. Bot. t. 39. A.) foliis carlnatis acuminatis, scapo
ramoso, sepalis acutis lateralibus liberis, labello cuneato oblique truncate
bilobo integerrlmo. Labellum sepalis dimidio tantum longius. Floras
minimi in genere. Ins. Trinitatis.
\. palUdiftora (lantha pallidiflora, Hooker Exot. Fl. t. 113.) foliis hnearibus obtusis planiusculis, scapo subsimplici, sepalis obtusissimis lateralibus liberis labello cuneato oblique truncate bilobo cuspidulato crenulato dupl6 brevioribus. Ins. Trinitatis.
I. paniculata (Epidendre panicule, Descourtilz Epidendr. Bras. ined. in bibl. Delessert t. .54.) foliis lineari-lanceolatis carinatis, scapo ramosissimo, sepalis acutis lateralibus ultra medium connatis labello obcordato apiculato piano
integerrimo duplo brevioribus. Flores majores quam in I. tenera, albi.
Labellum medio purpureo lineatum, basi flavum. Variat floribus roseis.
In sylvis primaevis Brasilise, prov. S'. Pauli.
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1905
* RONDELETIA odorata. Sweet-scented Rondeletia.
HEXANDRIA MQ-NOGYNIA.
Nat. ord. Cinchonaceje.
RONDELETIA, Plwm. — Calycis tubus subglobosus, limbus 4-5-parti- tus, lobis oblongis linearibusve acutis persistentibus. Cor. tubo cyllndrlco vix apice subventricoso, limbo patente 4-5-lobo, lobis subrotundis ; antherce 4-5, in aplce tubi inclusae, sessiles. Sfiyma bifidum. Capsula globosa, calyce coro- nata, bilocularis, ex apice dehiscens invalvulas 2, ssepius apice iissas, und^ seepfe 4-valvis videtur, nunc loculicido-rarius septicido-dehiscens. PlacentcB centrales. Semina plurima, minima, ovato-angulata, ssep^ 2 tantiim in loculo maturescentia. — Arbusculae aut frutices omnes ex America. YoY\^ plus minus petiolata aut subsessilia. Stipulae deltoidece aut lanceolato-lineures, utrinque solitarice, indiviscB, interdum intus hirsutcB. Pedunculi axillares, scepius trichotomi, interdum in paniculam corijmhosam terminalem dispositi, rarius tri- imo uni- fiori. DC. prodr. 4. 406.
R,. odorata ; foliis vix petiolatis ovatis aut subcordatis acutiusculis, supra sparse scabris, subtus pallidioribus in nervis tantum scabris, corymbis terminalibus. D.C.X.c.
R. odorata. Jacq. Amer. t. 42. p. 59. Linn. Sp. 1671.
R. coccinea. Quormidam.
R. speciosa. Hort.
Obs. Os corolla; cyatho brevi inteyro munitum, characterem dat aucto-
ribus recentioribus prcetervisum.
The accompanying drawing was made in the hothouse of Messrs. Loddiges, in December, 1834. The plant more usually flowers three months earlier ; it requires to be kept in a stove, and by no means exposed to cold even in the summer.
* " So named by Plumier after Guillaume Rondelet, a physician and natu- ralist, bom in 1507, died in 1566. He is principally known for his works on Algae and Fishes. Rabelais ridiculed him under the name of Rondibilis. He is accused of having given a horrible proof of his love for anatomy, m dissecting his own son."^De Theis.
N 2
Jacquin, who found it in the Havanna, on bush-covered rocks near the sea, and sometimes growing upon the naked rock itself, describes it as an inelegant straggling shrub about six feet high. He says the bright vermilion coloured flowers are as sweet-scented as violets ; a property however which exists in only a slight degree in the cultivated plant.
It is usually known in gardens by the erroneous name of Rondeletia speciosa.
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1906
* EPIMEDIUM macranthum. Large-jlowered Epimedium.
TETR ANURIA MONOGYH^IA.
Nat. ord. Berberace^e.
EPIMEDIUM, L. — Sepala 4, discolora, petalis opposlta. Petala 8, colorata; exteriora simplicia; interiora calcarata. 'S^«/rtin« 4, petalis interioribus
opposita. Capsula siliculfeformis, polysperma. Herba; perennes, foliis
radicalibus comjiositis, foliolis serrato-aristalis.
E. macranthum ; foliis triternatis, foliolis cordatis ovatis,petiolis pilosis, raceinis multifloris, sepalis Hnearibus obtusis, petalis ovato-lanceolatis exterioribus quam interiorum calcaria duplo brevioribus.
E. macranthum. Morren ^ Decaisne Ann. des Sc. ser. II. 2. 352. t. 13.
A very pretty sweet-scented species, remarkable for the large size of its pale violet flowers. It has been amply de- scribed by Messrs. Morren and Decaisne, from plants that flowered in the garden of the University of Ghent, where it forms one out of one hundred and sixty species of Japanese plants bronght to Europe alive by Dr. von Siebold. This is by far the most considerable importation from Japan that has yet been made, and its results have been so satisfactory as to lead us to hope that the Dutch may be the means of bringing us acqnainted with a larger portion of the beautiful plants of that most singular country.
The drawing of this species was made in April last, from a plant in the possession of Mr. Osborne of the Fulham Nur- sery. It is no doubt quite hardy, and is well worth the
* An old name, supposed to be derived from Media, where the plant to which it belonged was reported to grow ; that j)lant does not however appear to have had any resemblance to the Epimedium of modern writers.
notice of all lovers of pretty and curious plants. Two more species of the same genus, E. violaceum and Musschianum, are in the garden of Ghent.
The Epimedium alpinum is common in Botanical gardens, but its dusky brown flowers are so small as to escape notice ; it is reputed to be a wild British plant, but Messrs. Morren and Decaisne are of opinion that it is merely an outcast from gardens, and that it is not really wild north of the Maritime Alps in 44° n. lat.
The dissections at the bottom of the plate represent, fig. 1. one of the innermost petals, or nectaries as they are usually called, with a stamen growing just in the mouth of its cavity ;
2. a stamen with the valves of its anthers turning backwards;
3. a pistil ; 4. a section of its ovary, shewing how the ovules grow in two rows to an elevated placenta ; I do not find them in three rows as described and figured by the learned Bota- nists above quoted.
i9(^'l
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y.'^f^/ti. JC:
1907
* A8PASIA variegata. Variegated Aspasia.
GYNANDRIA MONAXDRIA.
Nat. ord. Orchidace^, § Vande^e.
ASPASIA. Lindl. — Perianthium patens, sequale. Sepala lateralia libera; supremum cum petalis basi et dorso columnae connatum. Lahellum ob- longum, concavum, ecalcaratum, obsolete 4-lobum, cum columna seml-connatura. Columna labello parallela, semiteres, marginata. Antheru bilocularis. Pol-
linia 2, pyriformia, postic^ sulcata, caudlcula plana cuneata, glandula parva.
Herbse epiphytes, caulescentes, pseudobulbosce. Folia subcoriacea. Spicae radicales, breves.
A. variegata; pseudobulbis oblongis ancipitibus, sepalis lineari-oblongis petalis- que subrhomboideis acutis, labelli lobis lateralibus recurvis intermedioque carnosis serratis.
BracteJE ovatce, cucullatcB, herbacecB, coriacece. Sepala coriacea, herbacea, sanguineo fasciata. Petala herbacea luteo-marginata sanguineo interrupt^ striata, cum basi sepali supremi connata ideoque oblique inserta. Labellum carnosum, serratum, album, violaceo-maculatum, basi limbi bicallosum. Pollinia pyriformia, postice sulcata caudiculd simplici inserta.
A native of the tropical part of South America. I re- ceived specimens of it for the first time from Mr. Joseph Knight of the King's Road, in February, 1836, and subse- quently from Mr. Bateman. The flowers are deliciously sweet in the morning. It will probably prove a plant of easy cultivation, and if so it will deserve to be in every collection.
In most respects it is very like A. epidendroides, for which, before I carefully examined it for publication, I had mistaken
* From aaira'Cofiai I embrace, in allusion to the manner in which the column is embraced by the labellum.
it. Tliere are however some essential differences between them, especially in the form of^the labellum, and in the far greater degree of obliquity in the insertion of the back sepal in A. epidendroides ; it is moreover probable from the dried specimens of the latter that its flowers are whole coloured ; I have subjoined a character by which it may be distin- guished.
In the same collection of unpublished drawings, belong- ing to Baron Delessert, to which I have already referred (foL 1904), there is a figure of a third species of this genus. It has oblong smooth not two-edged pseudo-bulbs, solitary much larger scentless flowers, of which the sepals and petals are yellowish green blotched with crimson, and the lip and column pure white, with a faint purplish crescent-shaped stain in the middle of the lip. M. Descourtilz found it on the Cedrela in Brazil, in the district of Bananal. A variety of it is mentioned by him with a pale lilac lip, the stain on which is deep violet. He also represents the pollen masses as each furnished with a separate caudicula ; if this is correct it will be an additional reason for doubting how far that character is of importance in distinguishing Genera.
Of the dissections in the accompanying plate that in the centre represents a magnified view of the column and the base of the labellum ; the other the pollen masses with their caudicle and gland seen from behind.
A. epidendroides (Gen. & Sp. Orch. p. 139); pseudobulbis oblongis ancipi- tibus, sepalls lineari-oblongis acutis, petalis obtusis concavis, labelli lobis lateralibus rotundatis integerrimis, intermedio crenulato emarginato. Pa- nama and Columbia occidentalis.
A. lunata ; pseudobulbis oblongis compressis lasvibus, sepalis petalisque linea- ribus obtusis patentissimis, labelli lobis lateralibus nanis intermedio piano sub-
quadrato undulato, floribus solitariis. Brazilia. Sepala et petala luteo-
viridia, sanguineo-maculata. Labellum album macula lunata in medio. Flores inodori.
m)8.
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1908
* CRASFEDIA glauca. Glaucous Craspedia.
SYNGENESIA POLYGAUIA MdUALlS.
Nat. ord. Composit^e CoRYMBiFERiE, or Asterace^.
CRASPEDIA, Forst. — Ca/ji^M/wm circiter 5-florum. i?acAts bracteo-
lata. Pappus uniserialis, plumosus Herba glabrata, Australasica, erecta,
shnplicissima, monocephala, foliis oblongo-obovatis, follolis intcgris scariosis. Lessing Gen. Compos. 271.
Craspedia glauca. Spreng. syst. 3. 441. Richea glauca. Labillard. Fl. Nov. Holl.
Herba perennis, glaucescens, pilis quibusdam sparsis, teldque rard araneosd vestita. Folia lineari-lauceolata, acuminata, subdectirrentia. Caulis in planta culta foliosus, in spontanea sitbaphyllus ; semper monoce- phalus. Capitulum compositum, sphcBricum, foliolis ovalis acutis involucra' tuvi ; partialia 5-9 -yZora, pariter involucrata, sed foliolis interioribvs invo- lucelli membranaceis scariosis. Receptaculum planiusculum, squaviis ser- ratis membranaceis corollis brevioribus munitum. Pappus basi annularis, in setis sedecim phimosis divisus corolloe longitudine. Corolla infuyidibularis, lutea. Antherse caudatce. Stylus basi bulbosus, brachiis truncatis canali- culatis, apice pulvinatim dilatatis.
A curious herbaceous plant, found in Van Diemen's Land, whence it was sent by Mr. James Backhouse to his brother, in whose Nursery at York it flowered in April last.
It will no doubt be hardy in the warmer parts of Great Britain, but had better be kept in a frame in other places.
The ample dissections in the accompanying plate give a correct idea of its structure. Each of the round yellow heads is composed of several smaller heads; and the invo- lucre consists principally of the external leaflets of the small
* Said to be so called from Kpaanecvi' a fringe, in allusion, I presume, to the feathery pappus.
heads. Each smaller head (fig. 1.) consists of from 5 to 9 florets, surrounded by ovate rather serrated leaflets, all of which, except the most exterior one, are white and mem- branous. The florets (fig. 2.) arise from the axil of each leaflet, and have a feathery pappus (fig. 4.) cup-shaped at its base, and then divided into 16 rays. The corolla (fig. 5.) has rather a funnel-shaped figure ; the anthers have each two bristles at the base (fig. 3.) ; and the style, which is bulbous at the base is divided at the apex into two linear furrowed arms, each of which is terminated by a cushion-shaped dilatation.
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J. ''i':ttt?.
1909
* CLINTONIA pulchella.
Pretty Clintonia.
SYNGENESIA MONOGAMIA.
Nat. ord. Lobeliace^e.
CLINTONIA .—Snpn), vol. 1 5. fol. 1241.
C. pulchella ; foliis sepallsque obtusls, corollae laciniis superioribus ovatis acutis divaricatis labelli lacinia intermedia productiore.
I figure this little plant more for the sake of recording its existence, than from any expectation that it will ever become an object of horticultural interest ; for since C. elegans, a far hardier and more cultivable plant, has disappeared, there can be little hope that this, beautiful as it is, will be preserved.
It only exists at present in the Garden of the Horticultural Society, where it was sent from California by Mr. Douglas. It is there treated as a tender annual, and every year a small number of tiny plants, not at all bigger than those now represented, have been raised from the very few seeds ripened the previous year. It has been usually grown in a flower- pot.
The wild Californian ' specimens shew this to be a much smaller plant, even wild, than C. elegans ; from which it differs in its leaves being more obtuse, and its flowers, which are twice as large, having the upper segments diverging not parallel, the middle lobe of the lower lip longer than the others, and the broad lobed white spot in its middle richly stained with yellow at the base.
Seeds are the only means which this plant has of propa- gating itself.
* See fol. 1241.
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1910
* CRATAEGUS mexicana.
Mexican Hawthorn.
ICOSANDRIA MONO.PENTAGYNIA.
Nat. ord. Rosacea, § Pome^. CRATyEGUS.— Supra, vol. ]3.fol. 1128.
C, mexicana ; foliis ovalibus acutis serratis aut apice incisis subti'ls tomentosis, floribus corymbosis, calycinis lobis acutis tomentosis, bracteis filiformibus ramentaceis, pomis sphaeroideis 3-5-pyTenis.
C. mexicana. D. C. Prodr. 2. 629. Sweefs Flower Garden, 2 ser. t. 300. Loudon, Arb. Brit. p. 843. and Jig. 617. jo. 867.
Arbor, in locis temperatis sempervirens, foliis diiris siiblucidis, aliquando in ramis vegetioribus trilobis. Stipulse lineari-lanceolatce, ramentacece, mar- gins glanduloscE, petiolis longiores. Fructus lutei, sapidi.
A native of the Tierra fria of Mexico, M^hence I have wild specimens gathered by Mr. Graham. It is a small tree, which in mild climates is quite evergreen, with lanceolate sharply serrated rather shining deep green leaves. The flowers are almost as large as those of some kinds of Pear, and, appear- ing as they do in abundance from the rich green bosom of the leaves, produce a striking effect. The fruit is in some estimation among the Mexicans, but it has not much merit.
Mr. Loudon states that, if budded upon the common Hawthorn, this plant will produce shoots from 5 to 7 feet long the first season. It may be easily propagated by this process, and will therefore soon be common. It is quite hardy, but succeeds best if allowed to grow in front of a wall, or in some equally sheltered place.
* Seefol. 1161,
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1911
* ONCIDIUM iridif61ium.
Pigmy Oncidmm.
GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.
Nat. ord. ORCHiDACEiE, § Vande^e. ONCIDIUM.— Suprd, vol. i3. fol. 1050.
C. iridifolium ; foliis ensiformibus brevibus equitantibus, scapo slmplici sub- unifloro, sepalo supremo obtuso : lateralibus acutis collateralibus (herbaceis), petalis obtusis undulatis majorlbus, labellilobis lateralibus parvis subrotundis unguiculatis : intermedio multo majore subrotundo bilobo utrinque versus apicem emarginato, crista (depressa 5-loba apice truncata), columnae ala crenulata circumdante. Gen. §• Sp. Orch. 203. Folia nunc eguitantia, nunc explanata, semper acuta. Crista labelli
apice truncata crenulata, basi disciformis, lobulis duobus in vertice disci.
This curious little species of Oncidium seems to be com- mon in many of the hotter parts of America ; for it has been found from Mexico, New Grenada, and Surinam, as far south as Brazil. M. Descourtilz, in his manuscript account of Brazilian Orchideae, observed it in the neighbourhood of the town of Bom Jesus de Bananal in the province of St. Paul's, growing exclusively upon the branches of Orange and Lemon trees; it was very abundant there, and constantly preferred dry places exposed to the sun.
The specimen from which the accompanying drawing was taken was sent me by Lord Fitzwilliam's desire, from the rich collection at Went worth, in August, 1835.
The outline figure at the bottom of the plate represents the column, with its two serrated wings, and the lower part of the lip, with the tuberculated disk, by which the species of Oncidium are remarkably well distinguished.
* See folio 1542.
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1912
* CRATAEGUS glandulosa /3. macracantlia. Long-spined glandular Hawthorn.
ICOSANDRIA MO'NO.PE^TAGYNIA.
Nat. ord. Rosacea, § Pome^. CRATAEGUS.— Supra, vol. \2,.foL 1128.
C. glandulosa ; foliis subrotundis oblongisve inciso-serratis basi cuneatis long6 petiolatis, calycfs laciniis pinnatifidis glandulosis, spiiiis axillaribus arcuatis petiolis longloribus, pomls sphaericis corymbosis 3-pyrenis putamine crassis- simo osseo.
C. glandulosa ; De Cand. Prodr. 2. 627. &c. Loudon Arb. Brit. p. 817. J^g. 567. .
/3. macracantha ; spinis foliis jequalibus v. longioribus, pomis subminoribus.
C. macracantha ; Lodd. cat. Loudon Arb. Brit. p. Si9. Jig. 572. et 573.
A fine handsome vigorous American thorn, forming a tree with a spreading head, and having firm dark green leaves, amongst which are intermixed stout curved spines of unusual length. I have seen them as much as four inches and a half long. It flowers in May, and produces an abun- dance of its deep vermilion-red haws in the autumn.
No writer upon the wild trees of North America notices this remarkable plant; it is therefore in all probability of garden origin ; indeed I entertain no doubt of its being a mere variety of C. glandulosa, possibly of hybrid extraction, between that species and C. crus-galli.
* See fol. 1161.
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VOL. XXII. O
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J 'ifatU.
1913
* NECTAR0SC6rDUM siculum.
Sicilian Honey-garlic.
HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
Nat. ord. Liliace^, § Scille^.
NECTAROSCORDUM. Flores umbellati. Sepala et petala diversi- formia, serai-herbacea, valde inibricata. persistentia, demilm cartilagiiiea et supra capsulam rigid^ conniventia. Stamina 6, perigyna ; tilamentis liberis subulatis. Ovarium in apice pedicelli clavati seiui-immersum, depressum, poris tribus melli- fluis in vertice dissepimentorum crassissiinorum ; polyspermum, ovulis e fundo loculorum. Capsula sepalis petalisque persistentibus supertecta, ovata, loculicido
trivalvis, pori melliflui vestigio in dorso. Semina compressa, atra. Herba
hulbosa, allium fortissime olens. Pedicelli fiorum cernui, capsularum rigidi erecti.
N. siculum.
Allium siculum. Ucria pi. ad Linn. op. addend, n. 7. Guss. prodr. fl. sic.
1. 398. Don in Sweet Fl. Gard. ser. 2. t. 349.
Sepala et petala Ijasi valde imbricata, diversiformia, nempe ; sepala ovato-oblonga, obtuse , herbacea, leviter purpurascentia ; petala umjuiculata, subcordato-ovata, ^nucronulata, medio purpurascentia, ungue calloso et stdcato. Stamina libera, basi nullo modo connata, omnia conformia. Ova- rium loculis petalis alternis, in toro crasso semi-immersis, poro depresso melli/luo in vertice dissepiment07-u?n crassissimorum. Ovula in basi loculo- rum aggregata, quatuor per paria pone axin, quatuor pone amhiium serie simplici. Capsula receptaculo crassissimo inserta, sepalis petalisq. induratis obtecta, hemisphcerico-lrigona, Icevis ; dorso loculorum elevato, poro melli- fluo dejjresso.
A bulbous plant found wild in shady woods on the moun- tains of Polizzi, Madonie, Ficuzza, S. Maria del Bosco, in Sicily, flowering in May and June.
It has been hitherto referred most unaccountably to the genus Allium, with which it agrees indeed in having an
* From j/fKTap honey, and nKoplov garlic, in allusion to the lioney pores in its flowers.
o2
umbellate inflorescence, and a powerful garlic-like odour, but in hardly any other respect more than Ornithogalum, and the other genera of the Liliaceous order. The charac- ters assigned to it are amply sufficient to fix it as a most distinct and remarkable genus.
Gussone inquires whether A. Dioscoridis may not be the same species ; a question that I believe there is no present means of answering.
It is a hardy species, my drawing of w^hich was made from a plant in the Garden of the Society of Apothecaries at Chelsea, in June last. It produces seeds, by which the cura- tor, Mr. Anderson, will, I presume, be able to increase it.
In the accompanying dissections, 1. represents an ovary surrounded by stamens, the calyx and corolla having been cut away ; 2. is a section of the ovary indicating the position of the ovules ; 3. is a ripe fruit invested by the permanent calyx and corolla ; 4. is a capsule wdth its valves opening ; 5. is a seed.
jyUj^^-iaJicdel:
jr.(^4<i^..
1914
* BRASAV(3lA cordaia. Heart-lipped Brasavola.
GYNANDRIA MONANDRIA.
Nat. ord. OacHiDACEiE, § Epidendre^e. BR ASAVOLA .—Supra, vol. M.fol. 1465.
B. cordata; labello cordato acumlnato integerrimo ungue parum lonoriore, sepalis petalisque linearibus acuminatls, clinandrio integerrimo postice in dentem subulatum producto.
A species of Orchidaceous plant, closely allied to B. no- dosa, already figured at fol. 1465 of this work, from which it differs in its flowers being only half the size, with a cordate labellum, and a very different clinandrium.
It was imported from Brazil by Messrs. Loddiges, who obligingly furnished me with the specimen from which the drawing was made in January 1836.
There will be no certainty in the cultivation of epiphytal Orchidaceae till we become more precisely acquainted with the habits of the different species than we now are. At present it is usual to consider them all natives of trees in damp shady woods. It is however quite certain that such is the habit of onl}' some of them. The whole genus Brasavola, for example, grows upon stones